Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Medical Bacteriology 2251-8649 4 1-2 2015 02 03 27 34 EN Rashid Ramazanzadeh Cellular& Molecular Research Center and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Samaneh Rouhi Cellular& Molecular Research Center and Microbiology Department, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Pegah Shakib Cellular& Molecular Research Center and Microbiology Department, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. 2016 08 08 Introduction: ESBLs are a B -lactamases which had ability to hydrolyse third-generation cephalosporins and aztreonam. ESBLs producer bacteria are resistant to a wide variety of antimicrobials and they made a serious global health concern for treatment strategies. So, aim of this study as to molecular detection of ESBLs in bacteria isolated from blood cultures in hospitals from Kurdistan Province, Iran. Methods: Biochemical test, antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc method, ESBL detection by NCCLs Phenotypic and PCR method for ESBL detection were applied. Results were analyzed by using SPSS 11.5 (p < 0.05). Results: 96 S. epidermidis isolated from blood cultures, E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., P. aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., C. freundii, S. maltophilia, also S. aureus, and S.epidermis. Maximum resistance was 75% for CP and minimum resistance was 25% for GM. Of the 96 isolates, 20 (20.83%) produced ESBLs. Also 11.46%, 20.83%, 12.5%, 9.38% and 2.08% were positive for TEM, CTX-M, SHV, OXA-1 and OXA-2 ensymes, respectively. Conclusion: Inappropriate therapy for infections with ESBL producers is cause of prolongs hospital stay and mortality. So, more research on drug resistance with ESBL is necessary. https://jmb.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmb/article/view/172