Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Medical Bacteriology 2251-8649 2 1-2 2015 10 12 12 19 EN Fatemeh Ashrafian Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Emran Askari Mashhad Medical Microbiology Student Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, IR Iran AND Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. Elnaz Kalamatizade Mashhad Medical Microbiology Student Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, IR Iran. MohammadJavad Ghabouli-Shahroodi Department of Infectious Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. Mahboubeh Naderi-Nasab Mashhad Medical Microbiology Student Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, IR Iran AND Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. 2015 10 12 2015 10 12 Background: In recent decades, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria have increased worldwide. The most important causative agents of nosocomial infections throughout the world, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae as main ESBL-producing bacteria are so highly regarded. Trends  in  the  treatment  of  infections  by such  bacteria  have  led  to  a  global concern. This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae among inpatients and outpatients referred to the Imam Reza hospital unit in Mashhad during 2007-8. Methods: This study represents a descriptive cross-sectional study. All 339 samples from hospital and a special clinic of the Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad were collected and cultured in defined media. Identification by morphological and  biochemical  tests  were  performed  to  determine  the  Enterobacteriaceae genera. The secretion of ESBL was studied by the double disc diffusion method. At the end, the data were analyzed by statistical software. Results: Out of 339 isolates collected from 192 women (56.6%) and 147 men (43.4%), 26.5% of E. coli (n = 211) and 43% of K. pneumoniae (n = 128) were ESBL positive. Most of the ESBL-positive isolates were related to ICU and the least of them were related to neonatal ward. Conclusion: The present study indicates the high prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae family especially in inpatients. Limiting the spread of such superbugs is of utmost importance. https://jmb.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmb/article/view/34 https://jmb.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmb/article/download/34/29