Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Medical Bacteriology 2251-8649 12 2 2024 04 17 19 25 Haniyeh Bashizadehfakhar Department of Human Geneticse, Science And Research Branch, Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Sara Kazemirad Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology ,Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Melika Jalalian Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology ,Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Sahar Rabie Pour Department of Laboratory Science, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran. 2024 01 10 2024 02 20 Background:   Chlamydia trachomatis is the commonest cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. This research aimed at scrutinizing the Chlamydia trachomatis screening tests with vaginal samples and at investigating the correlation between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the abortion incidence. Methods:    The current Cross sectional study was done at gynecology clinic of Razi Hospital in Chalus, Iran between August 2017 and January 2018. Fifty vaginal swabs were collected and detecting C. trachomatis DNA was done. Chi-square test and Independent t-test compared the variables. P <0.001 was significant. Results:    The total C. trachomatis infection prevalence was 5(10%) in endocervical swabs. A significant difference was found between duration of sexual activity and Chlamydia infection. No significant difference was detected between detection of Chlamydia l and abnormal vaginal discharged. Conclusion:    Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the women experiencing a miscarriage should be done and, if positive, they should be treated to inhibit recurrent miscarriages. https://jmb.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmb/article/view/510