Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Medical Bacteriology 2251-8649 14 1 2026 02 11 48 50 Reza Abdollahi Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2025 09 10 2026 02 11 - Background:   Climate change, driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, is profoundly altering the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) by expanding vector habitats, prolonging transmission seasons, and introducing pathogens to previously unaffected regions. Children are disproportionately vulnerable due to immature immune systems, higher respiratory rates, increased outdoor play behaviors, and socioeconomic disparities that limit access to preventive measures. severe manifestations, including cerebral malaria, dengue hemorrhagic fever, congenital Zika syndrome, and neuroborreliosis. Conclusion:   The convergence of climate change and pediatric VBDs represents an escalating public health crisis that demands immediate integration of climate resilience into child health practice. Pediatricians must adopt climate-informed prevention, enhanced surveillance, equitable vaccine and vector-control strategies, professional education, and advocacy for rapid emissions reduction. Proactive, multidisciplinary action is essential to protect current and future generations from widening health inequities and irreversible harm. https://jmb.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmb/article/view/617