Bloodstream Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Rasht, Iran
Abstract
Background: The increasing bloodstream infection mainly in developing countries is one of the mostimportant health care systems concern. And, the choice of antimicrobial treatment for septicemia is
often empirical and based on the knowledge of local antimicrobial activity patterns of the most
common bacteria causing such bloodstream infections. This study was carried to identify the
microbial profile in the blood culture isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.
Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was done at Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran over a period
of thirteen months from August 2012 to September 2013. Bacteria were identified by various
biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method.
Results: Out of 953 identified isolates, Gram-negative isolates 482 (50.58%) were followed by Grampositive isolates 471 (49.42%). Among Gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus epidermidis was the
highest with 255 (54%) records and in Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas spp. was highest with
241 (50%) records. There were 467 (49.0%) positive blood culture reports for males and 487 (51.0%)
for females. Pseudomonas spp. (134 reports) and S. epidermidis (162 reports) were the most common
pathogens in male and woman, respectively. In 15-44 years old age group, Pseudomonas spp. and in
45-75< years age group, S. epidermidis were identified as the most common. S. epidermidis isolates
were more resistant to Erythromycin, Oxacillin and Doxycycline. Pseudomonas spp. isolates had
more resistant to imipeneme, amikacin and cefalexin.
Conclusion:It can be concluded that bacterial resistance to antibiotics which used against bloodstream
infections can make complication in treatment of infection cause by these pathogens.
Rajeevan S, Ahmad SM, Jasmin PT. Study of prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in blood isolates from a tertiary care hospital in North Kerala, India. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sic 2011; 3(4): 655-62.
Sobhani A, Shodjai H, Javanbakht S. Drug resistance pattern in isolated bacteria from blood cultures. Acta Medica Iranica 2004; 42(1): 46-9.
Rabirad N, Mohammadpoor M, Rastegarlari A, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the Gram-negative bacteria isolated from septicemia in children’s medical center, Tehran, Iran. J Prev Med Hyg 2014; 55: 23-6.
Nosocomial infection rates for inter hospital comparison: limitations and possible solutions. A report from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1991; 12: 609-21.
Amita J, Indranil R, Mahendra KG, et al. Prevalence of extended-spectru m β-lactamase- producing gram-negative bacteria in bacteremiacaemic neonates in a tertiary care hospital. J Med Microbiol 2003; 52: 421-5.
Sherertz RJ, Ely EW, Westbrook DM, et al. Education of physicians-in-training can decrease the risk for vascular catheter infection. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132(8): 641-8.
Prakash KP, Vinod Arora, Geethanjali PP. Bloodstream Bacterial Pathogens and their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Dhahira Region, Oman. Oman Medical Journal 2011; 26(4): 240-7.
Raad I, Darouiche R, Dupuis J, et al. The Texas Medical Center Catheter Study Group. Central venous catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin for the prevention of catheter-related colonization and bloodstream infections. A randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127(4): 267-74.
Eggimann P, Harbarth S, Constantin MN, et al. Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care. Lancet 2000; 355(9218): 1864-8.
Crnich CJ, Maki DG. The promise of novel technology for the prevention of intravascular device-related bloodstream infection. II. Long-term devices. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34(10): 1362-8.
Blair JM, Webber MA, Baylay AJ, et al. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014; 13: 42-51.
Ni-Chung L, Shu-Jen C, Ren-Bin T, et al. Neonatal bacteremia in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: analysis of causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility. J Chin Med Assoc 2004; 67: 15-20.
Ghane M, Azimi Z. Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Hospital Environment in Tonekabon, North of Iran. J App Environ Microbiol 2014; 2(4): 97-101.
Pourakbari B, Sadr A, Haghi-Ashtiani MT, et al. Five-year evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing bloodstream infections in Iran. Infect Dev Ctries 2012; 6(2): 120-5.
Min Li, Xing Wang, Qian Gao, Yuan Lu. Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates isolated from a teaching hospital in Shanghai, China. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58: 456-61.
Mohammadi P, Kalantar E, Bahmani N, et al. Neonatal bacteriemia isolates and their antibiotic resistance pattern in neonatal insensitive care unit (NICU) at Beasat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. Acta Med Iran 2014; 52(5): 337-40.
"CEFAZOLIN-cefazolin sodium injection, powder, for solution". Available online: dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-05.
Katzung B, Trevor A. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 13th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education. (2015). pp. 776-8.
Chapman TM, Perry CM. Cefepime: a review of its use in the management of hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Am J Respir Med 2003; 2(1): 75-107.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 5 No 5-6 (2016) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Anti-Bacterial Agents Blood-Borne Pathogens Bacteria | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
