Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine with an Emphasis on Bacteriology
-
Hamid Hakimi
,
Ebrahim Rezazadeh Zarandi
,
Siavash Assar
,
Omid Rezahosseini
,
Sepideh Assar
,
Roya Sadr-Mohammadi
,
Sahar Assar
,
Shokrollah Assar
Abstract
Background: Knowledge is an ocean without bound or shore, the seeker of knowledge is (like) the diver in those seas. Even if his life is a thousand years, he will never stop searching. This is the result of reflection in the book of development. Human beings are free and, to some extent, have the right to choose, on the other hand, they are spiritually oriented and innovative, and for this reason, the new discovery and creativity are felt. This characteristic, which is in the nature of human beings, can be a motive for the revision of life and its tools and products. It has made life, an effort to change the status quo so that it can be employing and utilizing intelligence, wisdom, deception, beauty, and choice. So, innovation, advancement, while discovering and identifying pathogenic bacteria and ways to control them, is very amazing. The era of bacterial infections can be divided into three periods; the era of the discovery, use of antibiotics and the era of the emergence of antibiotic resistance, which seems to be it is in the transition from the second to the third period.
Conclusion: So far, there are nine microbiologists that have been awarded the Nobel Prize in the field of medical Bacteriology. Therefore it is the time to identify bacterial products and their partial functions to use in a variety of areas, especially in controlling new and/or emerging infectious diseases and provide a fairly comfortable future for our next generations.
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26. Graham BS, Ambrosino DM. History of passive antibody administration for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Curr Opin Hiv Aids 2015; 10(3):129.
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28. Lagier JC, Dubourg G, Amrane S, et al. Koch postulate: why should we grow bacteria?. Arch Med Res 2017; 48(8):774-9.
29. Schultz MG, Morens DM. Charles-Jules-Henri Nicolle. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15(9):1519.
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32. Ergonul O, Yalcin CE, Erkent MA, et al. Who can get the next Nobel Prize in infectious diseases? Int J Infect Dis 2016; 45:88-91.
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34. Hollar S, editor. Pioneers in medicine: From the classical world to today. Britannica Educational Publishing; Phys. Rev 2012; 47:777-80.
35. Shama G. La Moisissure et al. Bactérie: deconstructing the fable of the discovery of penicillin by Ernest Duchesne. Endeavour 2016; 40(3):188-200.
36. London HU. Capstone Project: historical analysis of the development of penicillin (Doctoral dissertation, Worcester Polytechnic Institute) 2018:2-29
37. Breedlove B, Arguin PM. The new incurable wound. Emerg infect dis 2016; 22(9):1696.
38. Ramalingam AJ. History of Antibiotics and Evolution of Resistance. RJPT 2015; 8(12):1719.
39. Sebastian A. A dictionary of the history of medicine. Routledge 2018; 6.
40. Cozzoli D. Penicillin and the European response to post-war American hegemony: the case of Leo-penicillin. Hist Technol 2014; 30(1-2):83-103.
41. Ligon BL. Penicillin: its discovery and early development. In Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 2004; 15(1):52-7
42. Kyle RA, Steensma DP, Shampo MA. Howard Walter Florey—production of Penicillin 2015; 90(6):e63-e64.
43. Woodruff HB. Selman A. Waksman, winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80(1):2-8.
44. Waksman SA. Immunologists and Virologists 2014:111-8.
45. Marshall B. A Brief History of the Discovery of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori 2016; 3-15.
46. Malfertheiner P, Link A, Selgrad M. Helicobacter pylori: perspectives and time trends. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol 2014; 11(10):628.
47. Zanoni RG, Piva S, Florio D, et al. Helicobacter apri sp. nov., isolated from wild boars. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66(8):2876-82.
48. Kyle RA, Steensma DP, Shampo MA. Barry James Marshall—Discovery of Helicobacter pylori as a cause of peptic ulcer. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2016; 91(5):67-8.
49. Øverby A, Murayama SY, Matsui H, Nakamura M. In the aftermath of Helicobacter pylori: other Helicobacters rising up to become the next gastric epidemic? Digestion. 2016; 93(4):260-5.
50. Ezzati M, Pearson-Stuttard J, Bennett JE, et al. Acting on non-communicable diseases in low-and middle-income tropical countries. Nature 2018; 559(7715):507.
51. Steensma DP, Kyle RA, Shampo MA. J. Robin Warren: Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2016; 91(9):129-30.
52. Pajares JM, Gisbert JP. Helicobacter pylori: its discovery and relevance for medicine. Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas 2006; 98(10):770-85.
2. Kaufmann SH, Schaible UE. 100th anniversary of Robert Koch's Nobel Prize for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus. Trends Microbiol 2005; 13(10):469-75.
3. Wells G, Claxton G. Learning for life in the 21st century: Sociocultural perspectives on the future of education. 2nd, Wiley-Blackwell, United States 2008.
4. Hansson GK. Dr Jérémy Fauconnier talks with Prof Göran K. Hansson. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113(14):e57-e8.
5. Hodson D, Wong SL. From the Horse's Mouth: Why scientists’ views are crucial to nature of science understanding. Int J Sci Educ 2014; 36(16):2639-65.
6. Schneider JW, Costas R. Identifying potential “breakthrough” publications using refined citation analyses: Three related explorative approaches. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2017; 68(3):709-23.
7. Myers KR. The Direction of Biomedical Science 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2019 from http://www.nber.org/aging/valmed/WhitePaper-Myers11.28.2016.
8. Brown ED, Wright GD. Antibacterial drug discovery in the resistance era. Nature 2016; 529(7586):336.
9. Geison GL. The private science of Louis Pasteur: Princeton University Press 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2019 from; https://press.princeton.edu/titles/5670.html.
10. Press SJ, Tanur JM. The subjectivity of scientists and the Bayesian approach. New York: Wiley 2001.
11. Strebhardt K, Ullrich A. Paul Ehrlich's magic bullet concept: 100 years of progress. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8(6):473.
12. Kaufmann SH, Winau F. From bacteriology to immunology: the dualism of specificity. Nature immunol 2005; 6(11):1063.
13. Cabantchik Z, Drakesmith H. From one Nobel Prize (P. Ehrlich) to another (Tu Youyou): 100 years of chemotherapy of infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol and Infect 2016; 22(3):213-4.
14. Lichtman MA. Alfred Nobel and His Prizes: From Dynamite to DNA. Rambam Maimonides medical journal 2017; 8(3):e0035.
15. Foster JG, Rzhetsky A, Evans JA. Tradition and innovation in scientists’ research strategies. Am Sociol Rev 2015; 80(5):875-908.
16. Tiwari PM. Nobel Prize Winners of the World. New delhi. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd; 2014 ;26.
17. Johnsen I. Conceptualizing the state within: Norway, the Nobel Committee and the Nobel Peace Prize (Master's thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences) 2012.
18. Tatsioni A, Vavva E, Ioannidis JP. Sources of funding for Nobel Prize-winning work: public or private? The FASEB Journal 2010; 24(5):1335-9.
19. Merali Z. The new Nobels. Nature 2013; 498(7453):152.
20. Casadevall A, Fang FC. (A)Historical Science. Infect Immun 2015; 83(12):4460-4.
21. Rosen W. Miracle cure: the creation of antibiotics and the birth of modern medicine. London: Penguin 2017.
22. von Behring E. Medicine’s first Nobel laureate. Singapore Med J 2011; 52(1):1.
23. Bertheim A. Pioneers in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Assoc Physicians India 2015; 63:90.
24. Cavaillon J-M. Historical links between toxinology and immunology. Pathog Dis 2018; 76(3):fty019.
25. Denscombe M. The good research guide: for small-scale social research projects. McGraw-Hill Education (UK); 2014.
26. Graham BS, Ambrosino DM. History of passive antibody administration for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Curr Opin Hiv Aids 2015; 10(3):129.
27. Blevins SM, Bronze MS. Robert Koch and the ‘golden age’of bacteriology. Int J Infect Dis 2010: 14(9):744-51.
28. Lagier JC, Dubourg G, Amrane S, et al. Koch postulate: why should we grow bacteria?. Arch Med Res 2017; 48(8):774-9.
29. Schultz MG, Morens DM. Charles-Jules-Henri Nicolle. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15(9):1519.
30. Rumi JA. The Masnavi. Book Four. Oxford University Press 2017.
31. Bloom DE, Black S, Rappuoli R. Emerging infectious diseases: a proactive approach. Proc. Natl Aca Sci 2017; 114(16):4055-9.
32. Ergonul O, Yalcin CE, Erkent MA, et al. Who can get the next Nobel Prize in infectious diseases? Int J Infect Dis 2016; 45:88-91.
33. Dworkin J, Tan SY. Charles Nicolle (1866-1936): bacteriologist and conqueror of typhus. Singapore med j 2012; 53(11):764-5.
34. Hollar S, editor. Pioneers in medicine: From the classical world to today. Britannica Educational Publishing; Phys. Rev 2012; 47:777-80.
35. Shama G. La Moisissure et al. Bactérie: deconstructing the fable of the discovery of penicillin by Ernest Duchesne. Endeavour 2016; 40(3):188-200.
36. London HU. Capstone Project: historical analysis of the development of penicillin (Doctoral dissertation, Worcester Polytechnic Institute) 2018:2-29
37. Breedlove B, Arguin PM. The new incurable wound. Emerg infect dis 2016; 22(9):1696.
38. Ramalingam AJ. History of Antibiotics and Evolution of Resistance. RJPT 2015; 8(12):1719.
39. Sebastian A. A dictionary of the history of medicine. Routledge 2018; 6.
40. Cozzoli D. Penicillin and the European response to post-war American hegemony: the case of Leo-penicillin. Hist Technol 2014; 30(1-2):83-103.
41. Ligon BL. Penicillin: its discovery and early development. In Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 2004; 15(1):52-7
42. Kyle RA, Steensma DP, Shampo MA. Howard Walter Florey—production of Penicillin 2015; 90(6):e63-e64.
43. Woodruff HB. Selman A. Waksman, winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80(1):2-8.
44. Waksman SA. Immunologists and Virologists 2014:111-8.
45. Marshall B. A Brief History of the Discovery of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori 2016; 3-15.
46. Malfertheiner P, Link A, Selgrad M. Helicobacter pylori: perspectives and time trends. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol 2014; 11(10):628.
47. Zanoni RG, Piva S, Florio D, et al. Helicobacter apri sp. nov., isolated from wild boars. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66(8):2876-82.
48. Kyle RA, Steensma DP, Shampo MA. Barry James Marshall—Discovery of Helicobacter pylori as a cause of peptic ulcer. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2016; 91(5):67-8.
49. Øverby A, Murayama SY, Matsui H, Nakamura M. In the aftermath of Helicobacter pylori: other Helicobacters rising up to become the next gastric epidemic? Digestion. 2016; 93(4):260-5.
50. Ezzati M, Pearson-Stuttard J, Bennett JE, et al. Acting on non-communicable diseases in low-and middle-income tropical countries. Nature 2018; 559(7715):507.
51. Steensma DP, Kyle RA, Shampo MA. J. Robin Warren: Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2016; 91(9):129-30.
52. Pajares JM, Gisbert JP. Helicobacter pylori: its discovery and relevance for medicine. Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas 2006; 98(10):770-85.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 3-4 (2019) | |
| Section | Review Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Medical Bacteriology Medicine Nobel Prize. | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Hakimi H, Rezazadeh Zarandi E, Assar S, Rezahosseini O, Assar S, Sadr-Mohammadi R, Assar S, Assar S. Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine with an Emphasis on Bacteriology. J Med Bacteriol. 2019;8(3-4):49-57.
