The Frequency of Abortion Caused by Chlamydia abortus in Aborted Fetuses of Sheep and Goats in Iran
,
Abstract
Background: Chlamydia abortus, is one of the most important causes of abortion in small ruminants. Evaluating the frequency of chlamydial infection in abortion of animals is beneficial in epidemiological surveys. The purpose of the present study is to determine the frequency of abortion caused by Chlamydia abortus using PCR method.
Methods: A total of 200 fetuses were collected from 150 ewes and 50 does. The samples were collected from abomasal contents and lungs of the fetuses and using PMP gene of Chlamydia abortus, PCR was conducted. The infection occurrence with regard to the species of animals, age, gender and type of pregnancy along with age, numbers of pregnancy and numbers of abortion in the aborted animals were statistically analyzed by Chi-squared test, t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient which all were calculated using SPSS version 25.
Results: The bacterium DNA was detected in 47 fetuses. The infection occurrence didn’t have significant statistical relationships with the species, age and gender of the fetuses. Chlamydial infection in the twin fetuses was significantly more than the single ones. The infection had statistical relationship with ages and parturition numbers of the aborted animals but not with the numbers of abortion.
Conclusion: Regarding the high frequency of abortion caused by Chlamydia abortus in this study (23.5%), it is necessary to boost the information about the prevalence of Chlamydia abortus in different regions of our country.
1. Borel N, Polkinghorne A, Pospischil A. A review on chlamydial diseases in animals: still a challenge for pathologists?.Vet Pathol 2018; 55(3): 374-90.
2. Longbottom D, Coulter L. Animl chlamydiosis and zoonotic implications. J Comp Pathol 2003; 128(4): 217-44.
3. Essig A, Longbottom D. Chlamydia abortus: new aspects of infectious abortion in sheep and potential risk for pregnant women. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 2015; 2(1): 22-34.
4. Selim A. Chlamydophila abortus Infection in Small Ruminants: A Review. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 2016; 11(10): 587-93.
5. World health organization for animal health, 2018. Enzootic abortion of ewes. Oie, France, Chapter: 3.7.5. pp. 1456-65.
6. Moeller Jr RB. Causes of caprine abortion: diagnostic assessment of 211 cases (1991–1998). J Vet Diagn Invest 2001; 13(3): 265-70.
7. Samkange A, Katsande TC, Tjipura-Zaire G, et al. Seroprevalence survey of Chlamydophila abortus infection in breeding goats on commercial farms in the Otavi Veterinary District, northern Namibia. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2010; 77(1): 1-5.
8. Barati S, Moori-Bakhtiari N, Najafabadi MG, et al. The role of zoonotic chlamydial agents in ruminants abortion. Iran J Microbiol 2017; 9(5): 288.
9. Esmaeili H, Hamedi, M., Madani SA. Isolation of Chlamydia spp. from Ewes and Does in Iran.ArchRazi Inst 2017; 72(4): 249-53.
10. Esmaeili H, Bolourchi M, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in sheep and goats in Iran. Iran J Vet Med 2015; 9(2): 73-7.
11. Ghorbanpoor M, Seed G, Razieh H. Serological Study on Enzootic Abortion of Ewes in Ahvaz, Iran. J Anim Vet Adv 2007; 6(10): 1194-96.
12. Berri M, Rekiki A, Boumedine KS, et al. Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant's clinical samples using multiplex PCR. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9(1): 130.
13. Laroucau K, Souriau A, Rodolakis A. Improved sensitivity of PCR for Chlamydophila using pmp genes. Vet Microbiol 2001;82(2): 155-64.
14. Heidari S, Derakhshandeh A, Firouzi R, et al. Molecular detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, and Mycoplasma agalactiae in small ruminants’ aborted fetuses in southern Iran. Trop anim health pro 2018; 50(4): 779-85.
15. Borujeni MP, Bakhtiari NM, Hajikolaei MH, et al. Chlamydia abortus infection in goats in the southwest of Iran. RevMed Vet-Toulouse 2019; 170(1-3): 9-14.
16. O’Neill LM, O’Driscoll Á, Markey B. Comparison of three commercial serological tests for the detection of Chlamydia abortus infection in ewes. Irish Vet J 2018; 71(13): 1-9.
17. Runge M, Binder A, Schotte U, et al. Investigations concerning the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus in sheep in correlation with management systems and abortion rate in Lower Saxony in 2004. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2012; 125(3-4): 138-43.
18. Carson A. Abortion in sheep: an update. Vet Rec 2018: 528-9.
19. Campos-Hernández E, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Salem AZ, et al. Prevalence and molecular identification of Chlamydia abortus in commercial dairy goat farms in a hot region in Mexico. Trop Anim health pro 2014; 46(6):919-24.
20. Alem M, Asadpour R, Jafari Joozani R, et al. Molecular Detection of Chlamydophila abortus in aborted fetal tissues by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Tabriz, northwest of Iran. J Cell Mol Res 2017; 9(1): 35-8.
21. 21. Bhandi S, Pfukenyi DM, Matope G, et al. Brucellosis and Chlamydiosis seroprevalence in goats at livestock-wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2019; 86(1):1-9.
22. Papp JR, Shewen PE, Gartley CJ. Abortion and subsequent excretion of chlamydiae from the reproductive tract of sheep during estrus. Infectimmun. 1994; 62(9):3786-92.
23. Huang S, Wu S, Xu M, et al. First record of Chlamydia abortus seroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in Tibet, China. Small Ruminant Res 2013; 112(1-3):243-5.
24. Qin S-Y, Yin M-Y, Cong W, et al.
Borel N, Polkinghorne A, Pospischil A. A review on chlamydial diseases in animals: still a challenge for pathologists?.Vet Pathol 2018; 55(3): 374-90.
2. Longbottom D, Coulter L. Animl chlamydiosis and zoonotic implications. J Comp Pathol 2003; 128(4): 217-44.
3. Essig A, Longbottom D. Chlamydia abortus: new aspects of infectious abortion in sheep and potential risk for pregnant women. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 2015; 2(1): 22-34.
4. Selim A. Chlamydophila abortus Infection in Small Ruminants: A Review. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 2016; 11(10): 587-93.
5. World health organization for animal health, 2018. Enzootic abortion of ewes. Oie, France, Chapter: 3.7.5. pp. 1456-65.
6. Moeller Jr RB. Causes of caprine abortion: diagnostic assessment of 211 cases (1991–1998). J Vet Diagn Invest 2001; 13(3): 265-70.
7. Samkange A, Katsande TC, Tjipura-Zaire G, et al. Seroprevalence survey of Chlamydophila abortus infection in breeding goats on commercial farms in the Otavi Veterinary District, northern Namibia. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2010; 77(1): 1-5.
8. Barati S, Moori-Bakhtiari N, Najafabadi MG, et al. The role of zoonotic chlamydial agents in ruminants abortion. Iran J Microbiol 2017; 9(5): 288.
9. Esmaeili H, Hamedi, M., Madani SA. Isolation of Chlamydia spp. from Ewes and Does in Iran.ArchRazi Inst 2017; 72(4): 249-53.
10. Esmaeili H, Bolourchi M, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in sheep and goats in Iran. Iran J Vet Med 2015; 9(2): 73-7.
11. Ghorbanpoor M, Seed G, Razieh H. Serological Study on Enzootic Abortion of Ewes in Ahvaz, Iran. J Anim Vet Adv 2007; 6(10): 1194-96.
12. Berri M, Rekiki A, Boumedine KS, et al. Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant's clinical samples using multiplex PCR. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9(1): 130.
13. Laroucau K, Souriau A, Rodolakis A. Improved sensitivity of PCR for Chlamydophila using pmp genes. Vet Microbiol 2001;82(2): 155-64.
14. Heidari S, Derakhshandeh A, Firouzi R, et al. Molecular detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, and Mycoplasma agalactiae in small ruminants’ aborted fetuses in southern Iran. Trop anim health pro 2018; 50(4): 779-85.
15. Borujeni MP, Bakhtiari NM, Hajikolaei MH, et al. Chlamydia abortus infection in goats in the southwest of Iran. RevMed Vet-Toulouse 2019; 170(1-3): 9-14.
16. O’Neill LM, O’Driscoll Á, Markey B. Comparison of three commercial serological tests for the detection of Chlamydia abortus infection in ewes. Irish Vet J 2018; 71(13): 1-9.
17. Runge M, Binder A, Schotte U, et al. Investigations concerning the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus in sheep in correlation with management systems and abortion rate in Lower Saxony in 2004. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2012; 125(3-4): 138-43.
18. Carson A. Abortion in sheep: an update. Vet Rec 2018: 528-9.
19. Campos-Hernández E, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Salem AZ, et al. Prevalence and molecular identification of Chlamydia abortus in commercial dairy goat farms in a hot region in Mexico. Trop Anim health pro 2014; 46(6):919-24.
20. Alem M, Asadpour R, Jafari Joozani R, et al. Molecular Detection of Chlamydophila abortus in aborted fetal tissues by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Tabriz, northwest of Iran. J Cell Mol Res 2017; 9(1): 35-8.
21. 21. Bhandi S, Pfukenyi DM, Matope G, et al. Brucellosis and Chlamydiosis seroprevalence in goats at livestock-wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2019; 86(1):1-9.
22. Papp JR, Shewen PE, Gartley CJ. Abortion and subsequent excretion of chlamydiae from the reproductive tract of sheep during estrus. Infectimmun. 1994; 62(9):3786-92.
23. Huang S, Wu S, Xu M, et al. First record of Chlamydia abortus seroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in Tibet, China. Small Ruminant Res 2013; 112(1-3):243-5.
24. Qin S-Y, Yin M-Y, Cong W, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in Tibetan sheep in Gansu province, northwest China. Sci World J 2014; 2014:1-6.
25. Al-Qudah K, Sharif L, Raouf R, et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydophila abortus shown in Awassi sheep and local goats in Jordan. Vet Med-Czech2004; 49(12):460-66.
26. Salinas J, Caro M, Vicente J, et al. High prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydophila abortus in wild ungulates using two “in house” blocking-ELISA tests. Vet Microbiol 2009; 135(1-2):46-53.
27. Livingstone M, Wheelhouse N, Ensor H, et al. Pathogenic outcome following experimental infection of sheep with Chlamydia abortus variant strains LLG and POS. PloS one 2017; 12(5):1-19.
28. Entrican G, Buxton D, Longbottom D. Chlamydial infection in sheep: immune control versus fetal pathology. J R Soc Med 2001; 94(6):273-7.
29. Santos CS, Piatti RM, Azevedo SS, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydophila abortus infection in dairy goats in the Northeast of Brazil, Pesq Vet Bras 2012; 32(11):1082-86.
30. Paolo LAD, Pinedo MFA, Origlia J, et al. First report of caprine abortions due to Chlamydia abortus in Argentina. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 5(2):162-67.
31. Majed R, Maab A, Omer A, et al. Preliminary study of seroprevalence of chlamydophila abortus amongst cattle in ninavah province. Adv Anim Vet Sci 2018; 6(3):135-8.
2. Longbottom D, Coulter L. Animl chlamydiosis and zoonotic implications. J Comp Pathol 2003; 128(4): 217-44.
3. Essig A, Longbottom D. Chlamydia abortus: new aspects of infectious abortion in sheep and potential risk for pregnant women. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 2015; 2(1): 22-34.
4. Selim A. Chlamydophila abortus Infection in Small Ruminants: A Review. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 2016; 11(10): 587-93.
5. World health organization for animal health, 2018. Enzootic abortion of ewes. Oie, France, Chapter: 3.7.5. pp. 1456-65.
6. Moeller Jr RB. Causes of caprine abortion: diagnostic assessment of 211 cases (1991–1998). J Vet Diagn Invest 2001; 13(3): 265-70.
7. Samkange A, Katsande TC, Tjipura-Zaire G, et al. Seroprevalence survey of Chlamydophila abortus infection in breeding goats on commercial farms in the Otavi Veterinary District, northern Namibia. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2010; 77(1): 1-5.
8. Barati S, Moori-Bakhtiari N, Najafabadi MG, et al. The role of zoonotic chlamydial agents in ruminants abortion. Iran J Microbiol 2017; 9(5): 288.
9. Esmaeili H, Hamedi, M., Madani SA. Isolation of Chlamydia spp. from Ewes and Does in Iran.ArchRazi Inst 2017; 72(4): 249-53.
10. Esmaeili H, Bolourchi M, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in sheep and goats in Iran. Iran J Vet Med 2015; 9(2): 73-7.
11. Ghorbanpoor M, Seed G, Razieh H. Serological Study on Enzootic Abortion of Ewes in Ahvaz, Iran. J Anim Vet Adv 2007; 6(10): 1194-96.
12. Berri M, Rekiki A, Boumedine KS, et al. Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant's clinical samples using multiplex PCR. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9(1): 130.
13. Laroucau K, Souriau A, Rodolakis A. Improved sensitivity of PCR for Chlamydophila using pmp genes. Vet Microbiol 2001;82(2): 155-64.
14. Heidari S, Derakhshandeh A, Firouzi R, et al. Molecular detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, and Mycoplasma agalactiae in small ruminants’ aborted fetuses in southern Iran. Trop anim health pro 2018; 50(4): 779-85.
15. Borujeni MP, Bakhtiari NM, Hajikolaei MH, et al. Chlamydia abortus infection in goats in the southwest of Iran. RevMed Vet-Toulouse 2019; 170(1-3): 9-14.
16. O’Neill LM, O’Driscoll Á, Markey B. Comparison of three commercial serological tests for the detection of Chlamydia abortus infection in ewes. Irish Vet J 2018; 71(13): 1-9.
17. Runge M, Binder A, Schotte U, et al. Investigations concerning the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus in sheep in correlation with management systems and abortion rate in Lower Saxony in 2004. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2012; 125(3-4): 138-43.
18. Carson A. Abortion in sheep: an update. Vet Rec 2018: 528-9.
19. Campos-Hernández E, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Salem AZ, et al. Prevalence and molecular identification of Chlamydia abortus in commercial dairy goat farms in a hot region in Mexico. Trop Anim health pro 2014; 46(6):919-24.
20. Alem M, Asadpour R, Jafari Joozani R, et al. Molecular Detection of Chlamydophila abortus in aborted fetal tissues by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Tabriz, northwest of Iran. J Cell Mol Res 2017; 9(1): 35-8.
21. 21. Bhandi S, Pfukenyi DM, Matope G, et al. Brucellosis and Chlamydiosis seroprevalence in goats at livestock-wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2019; 86(1):1-9.
22. Papp JR, Shewen PE, Gartley CJ. Abortion and subsequent excretion of chlamydiae from the reproductive tract of sheep during estrus. Infectimmun. 1994; 62(9):3786-92.
23. Huang S, Wu S, Xu M, et al. First record of Chlamydia abortus seroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in Tibet, China. Small Ruminant Res 2013; 112(1-3):243-5.
24. Qin S-Y, Yin M-Y, Cong W, et al.
Borel N, Polkinghorne A, Pospischil A. A review on chlamydial diseases in animals: still a challenge for pathologists?.Vet Pathol 2018; 55(3): 374-90.
2. Longbottom D, Coulter L. Animl chlamydiosis and zoonotic implications. J Comp Pathol 2003; 128(4): 217-44.
3. Essig A, Longbottom D. Chlamydia abortus: new aspects of infectious abortion in sheep and potential risk for pregnant women. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 2015; 2(1): 22-34.
4. Selim A. Chlamydophila abortus Infection in Small Ruminants: A Review. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 2016; 11(10): 587-93.
5. World health organization for animal health, 2018. Enzootic abortion of ewes. Oie, France, Chapter: 3.7.5. pp. 1456-65.
6. Moeller Jr RB. Causes of caprine abortion: diagnostic assessment of 211 cases (1991–1998). J Vet Diagn Invest 2001; 13(3): 265-70.
7. Samkange A, Katsande TC, Tjipura-Zaire G, et al. Seroprevalence survey of Chlamydophila abortus infection in breeding goats on commercial farms in the Otavi Veterinary District, northern Namibia. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2010; 77(1): 1-5.
8. Barati S, Moori-Bakhtiari N, Najafabadi MG, et al. The role of zoonotic chlamydial agents in ruminants abortion. Iran J Microbiol 2017; 9(5): 288.
9. Esmaeili H, Hamedi, M., Madani SA. Isolation of Chlamydia spp. from Ewes and Does in Iran.ArchRazi Inst 2017; 72(4): 249-53.
10. Esmaeili H, Bolourchi M, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in sheep and goats in Iran. Iran J Vet Med 2015; 9(2): 73-7.
11. Ghorbanpoor M, Seed G, Razieh H. Serological Study on Enzootic Abortion of Ewes in Ahvaz, Iran. J Anim Vet Adv 2007; 6(10): 1194-96.
12. Berri M, Rekiki A, Boumedine KS, et al. Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant's clinical samples using multiplex PCR. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9(1): 130.
13. Laroucau K, Souriau A, Rodolakis A. Improved sensitivity of PCR for Chlamydophila using pmp genes. Vet Microbiol 2001;82(2): 155-64.
14. Heidari S, Derakhshandeh A, Firouzi R, et al. Molecular detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, and Mycoplasma agalactiae in small ruminants’ aborted fetuses in southern Iran. Trop anim health pro 2018; 50(4): 779-85.
15. Borujeni MP, Bakhtiari NM, Hajikolaei MH, et al. Chlamydia abortus infection in goats in the southwest of Iran. RevMed Vet-Toulouse 2019; 170(1-3): 9-14.
16. O’Neill LM, O’Driscoll Á, Markey B. Comparison of three commercial serological tests for the detection of Chlamydia abortus infection in ewes. Irish Vet J 2018; 71(13): 1-9.
17. Runge M, Binder A, Schotte U, et al. Investigations concerning the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus in sheep in correlation with management systems and abortion rate in Lower Saxony in 2004. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2012; 125(3-4): 138-43.
18. Carson A. Abortion in sheep: an update. Vet Rec 2018: 528-9.
19. Campos-Hernández E, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Salem AZ, et al. Prevalence and molecular identification of Chlamydia abortus in commercial dairy goat farms in a hot region in Mexico. Trop Anim health pro 2014; 46(6):919-24.
20. Alem M, Asadpour R, Jafari Joozani R, et al. Molecular Detection of Chlamydophila abortus in aborted fetal tissues by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Tabriz, northwest of Iran. J Cell Mol Res 2017; 9(1): 35-8.
21. 21. Bhandi S, Pfukenyi DM, Matope G, et al. Brucellosis and Chlamydiosis seroprevalence in goats at livestock-wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2019; 86(1):1-9.
22. Papp JR, Shewen PE, Gartley CJ. Abortion and subsequent excretion of chlamydiae from the reproductive tract of sheep during estrus. Infectimmun. 1994; 62(9):3786-92.
23. Huang S, Wu S, Xu M, et al. First record of Chlamydia abortus seroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in Tibet, China. Small Ruminant Res 2013; 112(1-3):243-5.
24. Qin S-Y, Yin M-Y, Cong W, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in Tibetan sheep in Gansu province, northwest China. Sci World J 2014; 2014:1-6.
25. Al-Qudah K, Sharif L, Raouf R, et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydophila abortus shown in Awassi sheep and local goats in Jordan. Vet Med-Czech2004; 49(12):460-66.
26. Salinas J, Caro M, Vicente J, et al. High prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydophila abortus in wild ungulates using two “in house” blocking-ELISA tests. Vet Microbiol 2009; 135(1-2):46-53.
27. Livingstone M, Wheelhouse N, Ensor H, et al. Pathogenic outcome following experimental infection of sheep with Chlamydia abortus variant strains LLG and POS. PloS one 2017; 12(5):1-19.
28. Entrican G, Buxton D, Longbottom D. Chlamydial infection in sheep: immune control versus fetal pathology. J R Soc Med 2001; 94(6):273-7.
29. Santos CS, Piatti RM, Azevedo SS, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydophila abortus infection in dairy goats in the Northeast of Brazil, Pesq Vet Bras 2012; 32(11):1082-86.
30. Paolo LAD, Pinedo MFA, Origlia J, et al. First report of caprine abortions due to Chlamydia abortus in Argentina. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 5(2):162-67.
31. Majed R, Maab A, Omer A, et al. Preliminary study of seroprevalence of chlamydophila abortus amongst cattle in ninavah province. Adv Anim Vet Sci 2018; 6(3):135-8.
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| Issue | Vol 9 No 1-2 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Abortion Chlamydia abortus Goat PCR Sheep. | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Hamedi M, Esmaeili H, Madani SA, Tajik P. The Frequency of Abortion Caused by Chlamydia abortus in Aborted Fetuses of Sheep and Goats in Iran. J Med Bacteriol. 2020;9(1-2):1-8.
