Detection of Different Types of Class 1, 2 and 3 Integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Raw Milks
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections that causes severe diseases in immuno-compromised individuals. integrons have a major role in multidrug resistanct, diversity, evolution and recombination strains. Various animals may act as the reservoir for bacterial humans pathogens. This study is aimed to evaluate the frequency of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in P. aeruginosa isolates detected in raw milks.
Methods: Identification of isolates were confirmed with morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Drug resistance to various antibiotics was investigated using agar disk diffusion method. After DNA extraction of the isolates, they were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction for detection of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons.
Results: In this study, 60 P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from raw milk samples. The isolates showed resistance to amikacin (100%), ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (86.6%), cefotaxime (10%), ciprofloxacin (6.6%) and ceftazidime (3.3%). PCR analysis revealed the presence of intI-1in 49(81.6%), intI-2 in 9(15%), and intI-3 in 31(51.6%) isolates. Furthermore, class 1 and class 2 integrons were detected in 8(13.3%). In place, class 1 and class 3 integrons were observed in 26(43.3%) and class 2 and class 3 integrons in 6(10%) isolates.
Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were the most effective antibiotics against P. aeruginosai isolates in this study. The distribution of different classes of integrons in this study was high and it sheds light on the importance of regulations on the antibiotic uses.
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24. Salimizadeh Z, Hashemi Karouei SM, Hosseini F. Dissemination of class 1 integron among different multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Med Lab J 2018; 12(4):36-42.
25. Hosseinia SMJ, Shoaee Naeini N, Khaledi A, et al. Evaluate the relationship between class 1 integrons and drug resistance genes in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:188-96.
26. Shojapour M, Mirnezami M, Ghaznavi-Rad E, Abtahi H. Determination antimicrobial resistance profile and prevalence of class 1 and 2 integron resistance gene cassettes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Markazi Province. Iran Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019; 12(12):1-6.
27. Nourbakhsh F, Momtaz H. Role of class i, ii and iii integrons in multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from nosocomial Hospital. Int Arch Health Sci 2016; 3(3):125-9.
28. Faghri J, Nouri S, Jalalifar S, et al. Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility, class I and II integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients in Isfahan, Iran. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:1-5.
29. Alikhani MY, Parsavash S, Arabestani MR, et al. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and class 1 itegrons in clinical and environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Avicenna J Clin Microb Infec 2017; 4(4):1-6.
30. Yousefi S, Nahaei MR, Farajnia S, et al. Class 1 integron and imipenem resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility. Iran J Microbiol 2010; 2(3):115-21.
31. Ebrahimpour M, Nikokar I, Ghasemi Y, et al. Antibiotic resistance and frequency of class 1 integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from wastewaters of a burn center in Northern Iran. Ann Ig 2018; 30(2):112-9.
32. Rajabnia R, Asgharpour F, Ferdosi Shahandashti E, et al. Class 1 integron in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from different places and devices of ICU inBabol. Iran Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013; 6(2):138-43.
33. Moosavian M, Khoshkholgh Sima M, Haddadzadeh Shoushtari M, et al. Detection of class 1 integrons among gram-negative bacilli isolated from sputum cultures of patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Ahvaz, Iran. J Med Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 6(4):103-7.
34. Xu Z, Li L, Shirtliff ME, et al. Occurrence and characteristics of class 1 and 2 integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients in southern China. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47(1):230-4.
2. Stapleton F, Carnt N. Contact lens-related microbial keratitis: How have epidemiology and genetics helped us with pathogenesis and prophylaxis. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26:185-93.
3. Henrichfreise B, Wiegand I, Pfister W, et al. Resistance mechanisms of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from germany and correlation with hypermutation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51(11):4062-70.
4. Zarei-Yazdeli M, Eslami G, Zandi H, et al. Relationship between antimicrobial resistance and class I integronsin Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens in Yazd during 2012-2013. Feyz J Kashan Univ Med Sci 2014; 18(1):60-7.
5. Gillings MR. Integrons: past, present, and future. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2014; 78(2):257-77.
6. Akrami F, Rajabnia M, Pournajaf A. Resistance integrons; A mini review. Caspian J Intern Med 2019; 10(4):370-6.
7. Fluit AC, Schmitz FJ. Resistance integrons and super-integrons. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10(4):272–88.
8. Pachori P, Gothalwal R, Gandhi P. Emergence of antibiotic resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care
unit; a critical review. Genes & Diseases 2019; 6(2):109-19.
9. Cicek AC, Saral A, Ozad Duzgun A, et al. Screening of class 1 and class 2 integrons in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from Seven hospitals in Turkey: A Multicenter Study. Open J Med Microbiol 2013; 3(4):227-33.
10. Chegene Lorestani R, Akya1 A, Elahi A, et al. Gene cassettes of class I integron-associated with antimicrobial resistance in isolates of Citrobacter spp. with multidrug resistance. Irani J Microbial 2018; 10(1):22-9.
11. Aryanezhad M, Shakibaie MR, Karmostaji A, et al. Prevalence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii among ICU and non-ICU Patients. Infect Epidemiol Med 2016; 2(4):1-7.
12. Ruiz‑Roldán L, Rojo‑Bezares B, de Toro M, et al. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas spp. among healthy animals: concernabout exolysin ExlA detection. Scientific Reports 2020; 10(1):1-11.
13. Deng Y, Bao X, Ji L, et al. Resistance integrons: class 1, 2 and 3 Integrons. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2015; 14(45):1-11.
14. Khan M, Stapleton F, Summers S, et al. Antibiotic Resistance characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from keratitis in Australia and India antibiotics. Antibiotics 2020; 9(9):1-16.
15. Liu M, Ma J, Jia W, et al. Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of gene cassettes from class 1 integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26(6):670-6.
16. Odumosu BT, Adeniyi BA, Chandra R. Analysis of integrons and associated gene cassettes in clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Southwest Nigeria. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2013; 12:1-7.
17. Meng L, Zhang Y, Liu H, et al. Characterization of Pseudomonas spp. and associated proteolytic properties in raw milk stored at low temperatures. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2158.
18. Abo Bader R, Ibrahem N. Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from normal raw and mastitis cows milk in Baghdad. Int J Curr Res 2017; 9(9):57647-51.
19. Bekci H, Yuvali Celik G, Onbasili D. Antimicrobial activities of Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from raw milk collected in Turkey. Int j sci res manag 2018; 6(3):80-8.
20. Arslan S, Eyi A, Özdemir F. Spoilage potentials and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from cheeses. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94(12):5851–5856.
21. Haenni M, Hocquet D, Ponsin C, Cholley P, Guyeux Ch, Madec J , et al. Population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from animal infections in France. BMC Vet Res. 2015; 11: 9.
22. Fazlani SA, Khan SA, Faraz S, Awan MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial species identified from mastitic milk samples of camel. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011; 10(15): 2959-2964.
23. Khosravi AD, Motahar M, Abbasi Montazeri E. The frequency of class1 and 2 integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients in a burn center of Ahvaz, Iran. Plos One 2017; 12(8):1-8.
24. Salimizadeh Z, Hashemi Karouei SM, Hosseini F. Dissemination of class 1 integron among different multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Med Lab J 2018; 12(4):36-42.
25. Hosseinia SMJ, Shoaee Naeini N, Khaledi A, et al. Evaluate the relationship between class 1 integrons and drug resistance genes in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:188-96.
26. Shojapour M, Mirnezami M, Ghaznavi-Rad E, Abtahi H. Determination antimicrobial resistance profile and prevalence of class 1 and 2 integron resistance gene cassettes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Markazi Province. Iran Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019; 12(12):1-6.
27. Nourbakhsh F, Momtaz H. Role of class i, ii and iii integrons in multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from nosocomial Hospital. Int Arch Health Sci 2016; 3(3):125-9.
28. Faghri J, Nouri S, Jalalifar S, et al. Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility, class I and II integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients in Isfahan, Iran. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:1-5.
29. Alikhani MY, Parsavash S, Arabestani MR, et al. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and class 1 itegrons in clinical and environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Avicenna J Clin Microb Infec 2017; 4(4):1-6.
30. Yousefi S, Nahaei MR, Farajnia S, et al. Class 1 integron and imipenem resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility. Iran J Microbiol 2010; 2(3):115-21.
31. Ebrahimpour M, Nikokar I, Ghasemi Y, et al. Antibiotic resistance and frequency of class 1 integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from wastewaters of a burn center in Northern Iran. Ann Ig 2018; 30(2):112-9.
32. Rajabnia R, Asgharpour F, Ferdosi Shahandashti E, et al. Class 1 integron in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from different places and devices of ICU inBabol. Iran Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013; 6(2):138-43.
33. Moosavian M, Khoshkholgh Sima M, Haddadzadeh Shoushtari M, et al. Detection of class 1 integrons among gram-negative bacilli isolated from sputum cultures of patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Ahvaz, Iran. J Med Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 6(4):103-7.
34. Xu Z, Li L, Shirtliff ME, et al. Occurrence and characteristics of class 1 and 2 integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients in southern China. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47(1):230-4.
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| Issue | Vol 10 No 3-4 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa class 1 integron class 2 integron class 3 integron Antibiotic resistance PCR | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mobasseri P, Jamali Harsini M, Mehrabian S, Amini K. Detection of Different Types of Class 1, 2 and 3 Integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Raw Milks. J Med Bacteriol. 2021;10(3-4):11-18.
