Infectious and Non-infectious Causes of Abortion in Saanen and Alpine Goats
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Abstract
Background: Infectious and non-infectious abortions are necessary to be evaluated in Saanen and Alpine breeds as they have been recently imported to Iran whith out enough information about their susceptibility to diseases in the country situation. The present study aimed to investigate the causes of abortion in Saanen and Alpine to compare their susceptibility to each identified abortion factor.
Methods: A total of 600 Saanen and 600 Alpine breeds were studied. Abomasal contents of foeti and serum samples from aborted does were analyzed by PCR and conventional culture methods and beta-hydroxy butyrate was measured in the serum of aborted animals.
Results: Among 1200 pregnant goats, 59 Saanens and 80 Alpines aborted their fetus. Escherichia coli was isolated from 4 Saanens and 3 Alpines. Trueperella pyogenes was isolated from 5 Saanens and 7 Alpines. Pregnancy toxemia was the cause of abortion in 12 Saanens and 30 Alpines which showed a significant difference between the two breeds. Six Saanens and 10 Alpines aborted their fetus following trauma.
Conclusion: As abortion is an economically important issue, especially for the breeds which we have less information about, the susceptibility of animals and the frequency of each abortifacient should be evaluated.
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12. Hoover TA, Vodkin MH, Williams JC. A Coxiella burnetii repeated DNA element resembling a bacterial insertion sequence. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:5540-8.
13. Botes A, Peyrot BM, Olivier AJ, et al. Identification of three novel Mycoplasma species from ostriches in South Africa. Vet Microbiol 2005; 111:159-69.
14. Bang DD, Scheutz F, Ahrens P, et al. Prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes and CDT production in Campylobacter spp. isolated from Danish broilers. J Med Microbiol 2001; 50: 1087-94.
15. Navarro E, Escribano J, Fernández J, et al. Comparison of three different PCR methods for detection of Brucella spp. in human blood samples. Immunol Med Microbiol 2002; 34: 147-51.
16. Gouws P, Liedemann I. Evaluation of diagnostic PCR for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food products. Food Technol Biotechnol 2005; 43(2):201-5.
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18. Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Stanley H, et al, 2017. Veterinary medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 11th ed. elsevier saunders, Netherlands.
19. Esmaeili H, Ekhtiyar Zadeh H, Ebrahim Zadeh H, et al. Evaluation of the national sheep and goat brucellosis control program in Iran. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2012; 14(7):9-20.
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22. Farag HE, Abdallah M, Nossair MA. Epidemiological studies of some infectious diseases causing abortion in sheep. Alex J Vet Sci 2021; 68(1):54-61.
23. Hamedi M, Esmaeili H, Madani A, Tajik P. The frequency abortion caused by Chlamydia abortus in aborted fetuses of sheep and goats in Iran. J Med Bacteriol 2020; 9(1, 2):1-8.
24. Esmaeili H, Bolourch M, Mokhber Dezfouli M, et al. Detection of Chlamydia abortus and risk factors for infection in small ruminants in Iran. Small Rumin Res 2021; 197:1-7.
25. Amouei A, Sharif M, Sarvi Sh, et al. Aetiology of livestock fetal mortality in Mazandaran province, Iran. Peer J 2019;1-14.
26. Mahdavi Roshan H, Saadati D, Najimi M. Molecular detection of Brucella melitensis, Coxiella burnetii and Salmonella abortusovis in aborted fetuses of Baluch sheep in Sistan region, south-eastern Iran. Iran J Vet Res 2018; 19(2): 128-32.
27. Buxton D, Henderson D. Infectious abortion in sheep. In pract 1999; 21(7):360-8.
28. Holler LD. Ruminant abortion diagnostics. Vet Clin Food Anim 2012; 28:407-18.
29. Ayoub M, Abo Rawash AR, Ibrahim S, et al. Hygienic studies on microbial causes of abortion in sheep. Damanhour J Vet Sci 2020; 5(1):11-13.
30. Dorsch M, Francia ME, Tana LR, et al. Diagnostic investigation of 100 cases of abortion in sheep in Uruguay: 2015-2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1-20.
31. Yadav R, Yadav P, Singh G, et al. Non-infectious causes of abortion in livestock animals- A review. Int J Livest Res 2021; 11(2): 1-13.
32. Roberts T, Chapinal SJ, LeBlanc DF, et al. Metabolic parameters in transition cows as indicators for early lactation culling risk. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3057-63.
33. Lima MS, Pascoal RA, Stilwell GT. Glycemia as a sign of the viability of fetuses in the last days of gestation in dairy goats with pregnancy toxemia. Ir Vet J 2012; 65(1):1-6.
34. Affan AA, Salleh A, Zamri-Saad M, et al. Clinical signs and blood variables of pregnancy toxemia goats during late gestation and postpartum. Trop J Anim Sci 2022; 45(1):84-90.
35. Smith MC, Sherman DM. Goat medicine, Second ed., Willly-Blackwell, Chichester, 2009.
36. Alemayehu G, Mamo G, Alemu B, et al. Causes and flock level risk factors of sheep and goat abortion in three agroecology zones in Ethiopia. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:1-16.
2. Gökdai A, Sakarya E, Contiero B, et al. Milking characteristics, hygiene and management practices in saanen goat farms: a case of Canakkale province, Turkey. Ital J Anim Sci 2020; 19(1):213-21.
3. Vidić B, Savić S, Grgić Z, et al. Infectious abortion in sheep. Biotechnol Anim Husb 2007; 23(5-6-1):383-9.
4. Tegegne D, Kelifa A, Abdurahaman M, et al. Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in southwestern Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:280.
5. Selim A, Elhaig M, Moawed S. A serological survey of four abortifacient infectious agents among small ruminant in Egypt. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 2018; 13(2):114-21.
6. Tejedor-Junco MT, González-Martín M, Corbera JA, et al. Preliminary evidence of the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydia abortus infection in goats on the Canary Islands, Spain. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51(1):257-60.
7. Botes A, Peyrot BM, Olivier AJ, et al. Identification of three novel Mycoplasma species from ostriches in South Africa. Vet Microbiol 2005; 111:159-69.
8. Pugh DG, 2002. Diseases of the gastrointestinal system. In: Pugh, D.G. and Saunders, W.B. (Ed.), Sheep and Goat Medicine. Saunders, Maryland Heights, pp. 69-105.
9. Pils A, Wilder J. Risk analysis of disease transmission between domestic sheep and goats and rocky mountain bighorn sheep. USDA, 2018:1-35.
10. Norhazirah AH, Nulit R, Shohaimi S, et al. Assessment of reproductive performance and abortion occurrence of boer goats as influenced by farm systems and feeding practices. Mal J Anim Sci 2016; 19(2):107-15.
11. Kaupke A, Michalski MM, Rzeżutka A. Diversity of Cryptosporidium species occurring in sheep and goat breeds reared in Poland. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:871-9.
12. Hoover TA, Vodkin MH, Williams JC. A Coxiella burnetii repeated DNA element resembling a bacterial insertion sequence. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:5540-8.
13. Botes A, Peyrot BM, Olivier AJ, et al. Identification of three novel Mycoplasma species from ostriches in South Africa. Vet Microbiol 2005; 111:159-69.
14. Bang DD, Scheutz F, Ahrens P, et al. Prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes and CDT production in Campylobacter spp. isolated from Danish broilers. J Med Microbiol 2001; 50: 1087-94.
15. Navarro E, Escribano J, Fernández J, et al. Comparison of three different PCR methods for detection of Brucella spp. in human blood samples. Immunol Med Microbiol 2002; 34: 147-51.
16. Gouws P, Liedemann I. Evaluation of diagnostic PCR for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food products. Food Technol Biotechnol 2005; 43(2):201-5.
17. Rahn K, De Grandis SA, Clarke RC, et al. Amplification of an invA gene sequence of Salmonella typhimurium by polymerase chain reaction as a specific method of detection of Salmonella. Mol Cell Probes 1992; 6:271-9.
18. Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Stanley H, et al, 2017. Veterinary medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 11th ed. elsevier saunders, Netherlands.
19. Esmaeili H, Ekhtiyar Zadeh H, Ebrahim Zadeh H, et al. Evaluation of the national sheep and goat brucellosis control program in Iran. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2012; 14(7):9-20.
20. Moshkelani S, Javaheri Koupaei M, Rabiee S, et al. Detection of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from aborted bovine, ovine and caprine fetuses in Iran. Afr J Microbiol Res 2011; 5(26): 4627-30.
21. Gholizadeh SS, Sadeghi Zali MH, Hashempour A, et al. Investigation of brucellosis in cattle and sheep in Urmia-Iran. Vet Fak Derg 2013; 24(3):133-4.
22. Farag HE, Abdallah M, Nossair MA. Epidemiological studies of some infectious diseases causing abortion in sheep. Alex J Vet Sci 2021; 68(1):54-61.
23. Hamedi M, Esmaeili H, Madani A, Tajik P. The frequency abortion caused by Chlamydia abortus in aborted fetuses of sheep and goats in Iran. J Med Bacteriol 2020; 9(1, 2):1-8.
24. Esmaeili H, Bolourch M, Mokhber Dezfouli M, et al. Detection of Chlamydia abortus and risk factors for infection in small ruminants in Iran. Small Rumin Res 2021; 197:1-7.
25. Amouei A, Sharif M, Sarvi Sh, et al. Aetiology of livestock fetal mortality in Mazandaran province, Iran. Peer J 2019;1-14.
26. Mahdavi Roshan H, Saadati D, Najimi M. Molecular detection of Brucella melitensis, Coxiella burnetii and Salmonella abortusovis in aborted fetuses of Baluch sheep in Sistan region, south-eastern Iran. Iran J Vet Res 2018; 19(2): 128-32.
27. Buxton D, Henderson D. Infectious abortion in sheep. In pract 1999; 21(7):360-8.
28. Holler LD. Ruminant abortion diagnostics. Vet Clin Food Anim 2012; 28:407-18.
29. Ayoub M, Abo Rawash AR, Ibrahim S, et al. Hygienic studies on microbial causes of abortion in sheep. Damanhour J Vet Sci 2020; 5(1):11-13.
30. Dorsch M, Francia ME, Tana LR, et al. Diagnostic investigation of 100 cases of abortion in sheep in Uruguay: 2015-2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1-20.
31. Yadav R, Yadav P, Singh G, et al. Non-infectious causes of abortion in livestock animals- A review. Int J Livest Res 2021; 11(2): 1-13.
32. Roberts T, Chapinal SJ, LeBlanc DF, et al. Metabolic parameters in transition cows as indicators for early lactation culling risk. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3057-63.
33. Lima MS, Pascoal RA, Stilwell GT. Glycemia as a sign of the viability of fetuses in the last days of gestation in dairy goats with pregnancy toxemia. Ir Vet J 2012; 65(1):1-6.
34. Affan AA, Salleh A, Zamri-Saad M, et al. Clinical signs and blood variables of pregnancy toxemia goats during late gestation and postpartum. Trop J Anim Sci 2022; 45(1):84-90.
35. Smith MC, Sherman DM. Goat medicine, Second ed., Willly-Blackwell, Chichester, 2009.
36. Alemayehu G, Mamo G, Alemu B, et al. Causes and flock level risk factors of sheep and goat abortion in three agroecology zones in Ethiopia. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:1-16.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 3-4 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v11i3-4.14364 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Abortion, Alpine, Goat, Pregnancy toxemia, Saanen. | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Esmaeili H, Sharifi M, Gharagozloo F, Vodjgani M, Hamedi M. Infectious and Non-infectious Causes of Abortion in Saanen and Alpine Goats. J Med Bacteriol. 2023;11(3-4):1-9.
