Prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae in Urinary Tract Infections of Pregnant Women
-
Ahdiyeh Saghabashi
,
Khadijeh Rostami
,
Maryam Allameh
,
Mansoor Khaledi
,
Hamed Afkhami
,
Javad Fathi
,
Rahmatullah Parvizi
,
Mohammad Esmkhani
,
Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
,
Shamin Shahriary
,
Mohamad Mahjoor
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in children and adults, especially females. Among urinary tract infection caused by bacteria, Streptococcus agalactiae can cause periodic, temporary, or persistent infection in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of S. agalactiae isolated from urine samples in pregnant women referred to Qom hospitals, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive study, 1264 pregnant women suspected for urinary tract infection were assessed. Midstream urine specimens collected from pregnant individuals in Ali-ibn-AbiTaleb hospital medical laboratory were passaged on blood agar media. Streptococcus agalactiae was detected using phenotype-based tests. Then, antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted using the disc diffusion method according to CLSI protocols.
Results: Out of 1264 pregnant patients, 17.64% were diagnosed with beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, and 13.37% were diagnosed with S. agalactiae. The highest rates of antibiotic resistance were found for Clindamycin and Erythromycin. In place, the lowest resistance rate was detected for Nitrofurantoin. The prevalence of resistance to Penicillin was about 33%.
Conclusion: Regarding the results of this research, it would be better to perform urine culture tests before week 34 of pregnancy and the last weeks of pregnancy. Also, our results showed that Penicillin can be replaced by alternative antibiotics before week 34 of pregnancy to prevent further S. agalactiae antibiotic resistance.
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24. Florindo C, Viegas S, Paulino A, et al. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in Streptococcus agalactiae colonizing strains: association of erythromycin resistance with subtype III-1 genetic clone family. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16(9):1458-63.
25. Aarestrup FM, Seyfarth AM, Emborg HD, et al. Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45(7):2054-9.
26. Fazeli Z, Alipour M, Amir Mozafari N, et al. The survey of Streptococcus agalactiae carriage in pregnant women and determination of antibiotics susceptibity pattern in Amol city. Iran J Med Microbiol 2015; 9(2):20-6.
27. Fair RJ, Tor Y. Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century. Perspect Medicinal Chem 2014; 6:PMC. S14459.
28. Oviedo P, Pegels E, Laczeski M, et al. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women: first study in a province of Argentina. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:253-8.
29. Simoes JA, Aroutcheva AA, Heimler I, et al. Antibiotic resistance patterns of group B streptococcal clinical isolates. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2004; 12(1):1-8.
30. Al-Badr A, Al-Shaikh G. Recurrent urinary tract infections management in women: a review. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2013; 13(3):359.
31. Hamid ZO, Zaki NH, Ali MR. Prevalence of macrolide resistance genes among Group B Streptococci in pregnant women. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2015; 4(01):419-36.
32. Vansofla AN, Nazarian S, Kordbache E, et al. An IgG/IgY sandwich-ELISA for the detection of heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Gene Reports 2021; 23:101099.
33. Hashemi B, Afkhami H, Khaledi M, et al. Frequency of Metalo beta Lactamase genes, bla IMP1, INT1 in Acinetobacter baumanii isolated from burn patients North of Iran. Gene Reports. 2020; 21:100800.
34. Theri M, Nazarian S, Ebrahimi F, et al. Immunization evaluation of type III secretion system recombinant antigens and Shiga like toxin binding subunit of E. coli O157: H7. J Babol Univ Med Sci 2018; 20(7):47-54.
2. Abraham S, Chapman TA, Zhang R, et al. Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli strains that cause symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infections. J. Clin. Microbiol 2012; 50(3):1027-30.
3. Öztürk R, Murt A. Epidemiology of urological infections: A global burden. World J. Urol 2020: 38:2669-2679
4. Zahedkalaei AT, Kazemi M, Zolfaghari P, et al. Association between urinary tract infection in the first trimester and risk of preeclampsia: a case–control study. Int J Womens Health 2020;12:521.
5. Yeh M, Bujaki E, Dolan PT, et al. Engineering the live-attenuated polio vaccine to prevent reversion to virulence. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27(5):736-51.
6. Szweda H, Jóźwik M. Urinary tract infections during pregnancy-an updated overview. Dev Period Med. 2016; 20(4):263-72.
7. Edwards MS, Baker CJ. Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococci). Bennet J, Dolin R, Blaser M Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and practice of infectious diseases 9th ed Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2020:2205-251.
8. Tayebi Z, Saderi H, Gholami M, et al. Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms. Infect Epidemiol Microbiol 2016; 2(4):17-9.
9. Madhi SA, Radebe K, Crewe-Brown H, et al. High burden of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae disease in South African infants. Ann Trop Paediatr 2003; 23(1):15-23.
10. Parks T, Barrett L, Jones N. Invasive streptococcal disease: a review for clinicians. Br Med Bull 2015; 115:1.
11. Oyanguren B, Esteban L, Guillán M, et al. Central nervous system involvement in adult patients with invasive infection caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. Neurología (English Edition). 2015; 30(3):158-62.
12. Foxman B. The epidemiology of urinary tract infection. Nat Rev Urol 2010; 7(12):653-60.
13. Li Y, Zeng W, Fan W, et al. Structure determination of the CAMP factor of Streptococcus agalactiae with the aid of an MBP tag and insights into membrane-surface attachment. Acta Crystallogr. D: Struct Biol 2019; 75(8):772-81.
14. Guo D, Xi Y, Wang S, et al. Is a positive Christie-Atkinson-Munch-Peterson (CAMP) test sensitive enough for the identification of Streptococcus agalactiae? BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19(1):1-5.
15. Nsagha D, Bello C, Kandakai-Olukemi Y. Heppurate hydrolysis and christie, atkins, munch-peterson tests epidemiological diagnostic tools for Streptococcus agalactiae carriage in pregnancy. East Afr Med J 2000; 77: 1.
16. Evans J, Klesius P, Gilbert P, et al. Characterization of β‐haemolytic group B Streptococcus agalactiae in cultured seabream, Sparus auratus L., and wild mullet, Liza klunzingeri (Day), in Kuwait. J Fish Dis 2002; 25(9):505-13.
17. Lindahl G, Stålhammar-Carlemalm M, Areschoug T. Surface proteins of Streptococcus agalactiae and related proteins in other bacterial pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005; 18(1):102-27.
18. Cieslewicz MJ, Chaffin D, Glusman G, et al. Structural and genetic diversity of group B Streptococcus capsular polysaccharides. Infect Immun 2005; 73(5):3096-103.
19. Smith J, Durfee K, Marymont J. A review of laboratory methods for identification of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae). AM J Med Technol 1979; 45(3):199-204.
20. Glaser P, Rusniok C, Buchrieser C, et al. Genome sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae, a pathogen causing invasive neonatal disease. Mol Microbiol 2002; 45(6):1499-513.
21. Ryan KJ, Ray CG. Medical microbiology. McGraw Hill. 2004;4:370.
22. Apgar BS, Greenberg GM, Yen G. Prevention of group B streptococcal disease in the newborn. Am Fam Physician 2005; 71(5):903-10.
23. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey R, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(3):268-81.
24. Florindo C, Viegas S, Paulino A, et al. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in Streptococcus agalactiae colonizing strains: association of erythromycin resistance with subtype III-1 genetic clone family. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16(9):1458-63.
25. Aarestrup FM, Seyfarth AM, Emborg HD, et al. Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45(7):2054-9.
26. Fazeli Z, Alipour M, Amir Mozafari N, et al. The survey of Streptococcus agalactiae carriage in pregnant women and determination of antibiotics susceptibity pattern in Amol city. Iran J Med Microbiol 2015; 9(2):20-6.
27. Fair RJ, Tor Y. Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century. Perspect Medicinal Chem 2014; 6:PMC. S14459.
28. Oviedo P, Pegels E, Laczeski M, et al. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women: first study in a province of Argentina. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:253-8.
29. Simoes JA, Aroutcheva AA, Heimler I, et al. Antibiotic resistance patterns of group B streptococcal clinical isolates. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2004; 12(1):1-8.
30. Al-Badr A, Al-Shaikh G. Recurrent urinary tract infections management in women: a review. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2013; 13(3):359.
31. Hamid ZO, Zaki NH, Ali MR. Prevalence of macrolide resistance genes among Group B Streptococci in pregnant women. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2015; 4(01):419-36.
32. Vansofla AN, Nazarian S, Kordbache E, et al. An IgG/IgY sandwich-ELISA for the detection of heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Gene Reports 2021; 23:101099.
33. Hashemi B, Afkhami H, Khaledi M, et al. Frequency of Metalo beta Lactamase genes, bla IMP1, INT1 in Acinetobacter baumanii isolated from burn patients North of Iran. Gene Reports. 2020; 21:100800.
34. Theri M, Nazarian S, Ebrahimi F, et al. Immunization evaluation of type III secretion system recombinant antigens and Shiga like toxin binding subunit of E. coli O157: H7. J Babol Univ Med Sci 2018; 20(7):47-54.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15017 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Antibiotic Resistance Streptococcus agalactiae Pregnancy Urinary Tract Infection. | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Saghabashi A, Rostami K, Allameh M, Khaledi M, Afkhami H, Fathi J, Parvizi R, Esmkhani M, Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli A, Shahriary S, Mahjoor M. Prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae in Urinary Tract Infections of Pregnant Women. J Med Bacteriol. 2024;12(1):25-32.
