Immune system responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its mechanisms to escape from the immune system
-
Shahrad Tafaghodi Borhani
,
Kaveh Vakili
,
Yasaman Jafari
,
Zahra Ghomi
,
Bita Zandi
,
Fatemeh Roozbahani
,
Seyedeh Faride Alavi Rostami
,
Yalda Malekzadegan
,
Kambiz Feyzi
,
Fatemeh Sameni
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) employs a variety of strategies to evade the host immune response, enabling its persistence and the development of tuberculosis. These evasion tactics involve thwarting lysosome formation, manipulating intracellular pH, and disrupting apoptosis and autophagy processes within host cells. Specifically, MTB interferes with lysosome acidification by modulating calcium ions (Ca2+), iron ions, and hydrogen ions (H+), creating an optimal environment for its survival within host cells. Furthermore, MTB inhibits host cell apoptosis and autophagy, critical defense mechanisms against intracellular pathogens. Understanding these immunological escape mechanisms is paramount for developing effective tuberculosis therapies. Future research should focus on targeting MTB evasion strategies to pave the way for innovative tuberculosis treatments.
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8. Mortaz E, Adcock IM, Tabarsi P, Masjedi MR, Mansouri D, Velayati AA, et al. Interaction of pattern recognition receptors with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of clinical immunology. 2015;35(1):1-10.
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10. Natarajan K, Kundu M, Sharma P, Basu J. Innate immune responses to M. tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis. 2011;91(5):427-31.
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13. Lam A, Prabhu R, Gross CM, Riesenberg LA, Singh V, Aggarwal S. Role of apoptosis and autophagy in tuberculosis. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 2017;313(2):L218-L29.
14. Silwal P, Kim JK, Yuk J-M, Jo E-K. AMP-activated protein kinase and host defense against infection. International journal of molecular sciences. 2018;19(11):3495.
15. Schorey JS, Schlesinger LS. Innate immune responses to tuberculosis. Microbiology Spectrum. 2016;4(6):4.6. 31.
16. Shen P, Li Q, Ma J, Tian M, Hong F, Zhai X, et al. IRAK-M alters the polarity of macrophages to facilitate the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BMC microbiology. 2017;17(1):1-11.
17. Allen M, Bailey C, Cahatol I, Dodge L, Yim J, Kassissa C, et al. Mechanisms of control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by NK cells: role of glutathione. Frontiers in Immunology. 2015;6:508.
18. Mihret A. The role of dendritic cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Virulence. 2012;3(7):654-9.
19. Hilda JN, Das S, Tripathy SP, Hanna LE. Role of neutrophils in tuberculosis: a bird's eye view. Innate immunity. 2020;26(4):240-7.
20. Borkute RR, Woelke S, Pei G, Dorhoi A. Neutrophils in tuberculosis: Cell biology, cellular networking and multitasking in host defense. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(9):4801.
21. Muefong CN, Sutherland JS. Neutrophils in tuberculosis-associated inflammation and lung pathology. Frontiers in immunology. 2020;11:962.
22. Wolf AJ, Desvignes L, Linas B, Banaiee N, Tamura T, Takatsu K, et al. Initiation of the adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on antigen production in the local lymph node, not the lungs. The Journal of experimental medicine. 2008;205(1):105-15.
23. De Martino M, Lodi L, Galli L, Chiappini E. Immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics. 2019;7:350.
24. Bekale RB, Du Plessis S-M, Hsu N-J, Sharma JR, Sampson SL, Jacobs M, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and interactions with the host immune system: Opportunities for nanoparticle based immunotherapeutics and vaccines. Pharmaceutical research. 2019;36(1):1-15.
25. Jagatia H, Tsolaki AG. The role of complement system and the immune response to tuberculosis infection. Medicina. 2021;57(2):84.
26. Bénard A, Sakwa I, Schierloh P, Colom A, Mercier I, Tailleux L, et al. B cells producing type I IFN modulate macrophage polarization in tuberculosis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2018;197(6):801-13.
27. Winslow GM, Cooper A, Reiley W, Chatterjee M, Woodland DL. Early T‐cell responses in tuberculosis immunity. Immunological reviews. 2008;225(1):284-99.
28. Tian Y, Hao Y, Dong M, Li S, Wang D, Jiang F, et al. Development of a Monoclonal Antibody to Pig CD69 Reveals Early Activation of T Cells in Pig after PRRSV and ASFV Infection. Viruses. 2022;14(6):1343.
29. Leemans JC, Florquin S, Heikens M, Pals ST, van der Neut R, Van Der Poll T. CD44 is a macrophage binding site for Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mediates macrophage recruitment and protective immunity against tuberculosis. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2003;111(5):681-9.
30. Rohde K, Yates RM, Purdy GE, Russell DG. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the environment within the phagosome. Immunological reviews. 2007;219(1):37-54.
31. Schüller S, Neefjes J, Ottenhoff T, Thole J, Young D. Coronin is involved in uptake of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in human macrophages but not in phagosome maintenance. Cellular microbiology. 2001;3(12):785-93.
32. Flynn JL, Chan J. Immune evasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: living with the enemy. Current opinion in immunology. 2003;15(4):450-5.
33. Ma J, Yang B, Yu S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lao S, et al. Tuberculosis antigen‐induced expression of IFN‐α in tuberculosis patients inhibits production of IL‐1β. The FASEB Journal. 2014;28(7):3238-48.
34. Wong D, Chao JD, Av-Gay Y. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-secreted phosphatases: from pathogenesis to targets for TB drug development. Trends in microbiology. 2013;21(2):100-9.
35. Sajid A, Arora G, Singhal A, Kalia VC, Singh Y. Protein phosphatases of pathogenic bacteria: role in physiology and virulence. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2015;69(527):47.
36. Walburger A, Koul A, Ferrari G, Nguyen L, Prescianotto-Baschong C, Huygen K, et al. Protein kinase G from pathogenic mycobacteria promotes survival within macrophages. Science. 2004;304(5678):1800-4.
37. Gutierrez MG, Mishra BB, Jordao L, Elliott E, Anes E, Griffiths G. NF-κB activation controls phagolysosome fusion-mediated killing of mycobacteria by macrophages. The Journal of Immunology. 2008;181(4):2651-63.
38. Pandey AK, Sassetti CM. Mycobacterial persistence requires the utilization of host cholesterol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008;105(11):4376-80.
39. Vergne I, Chua J, Deretic V. Tuberculosis toxin blocking phagosome maturation inhibits a novel Ca2+/calmodulin-PI3K hVPS34 cascade. The Journal of experimental medicine. 2003;198(4):653-9.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 3 (2024) | |
| Section | Review Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immune system Oxidative stress Apoptosis | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Tafaghodi Borhani S, Vakili K, Jafari Y, Ghomi Z, Zandi B, Roozbahani F, Alavi Rostami SF, Malekzadegan Y, Feyzi K, Sameni F. Immune system responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its mechanisms to escape from the immune system. J Med Bacteriol. 2024;12(3):44-61.
