Original Articles

Bacteriological Profile of Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Nephrolithiasis and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

Abstract

Background:   Nephrolithiasis is a common urological condition often associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Identifying the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns in such patients is essential for effective management and prevention of recurrence. To determine the bacteriological profile of urine in patients with nephrolithiasis and assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolated organisms.

Methods:   This cross-sectional observational study included 200 patients with nephrolithiasis at a tertiary care hospital. Midstream urine samples were collected aseptically and cultured using standard microbiological techniques. Isolated organisms were identified, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Demographic data and other characteristics were also documented.

Results:   Out of 200 patients, 136 (68%) showed significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (44.1%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (23.5%) and Pseudomonas spp. (15.4%). E. coli showed high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (96%) and amikacin (90%) but low sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (23%). Enterococcus spp. exhibited good sensitivity to vancomycin (95%) and linezolid (93%) but high resistance to fluoroquinolones. Pseudomonas spp. demonstrated high susceptibility to imipenem (89%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (80%).

Conclusion:   Urinary tract infections are common among patients with nephrolithiasis, with E. coli being the predominant pathogen. Increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics underscores the need for routine urine culture and sensitivity testing. Culture-based therapy and antibiotic stewardship are vital to improving outcomes in these patients.

1. Dickson KA, Haigis MC, Raines RT. Ribonuclease inhibitor: structure and function. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 2005; 80:349-74.
2. Tefekli A, Cezayirli F. The history of urinary stones: In parallel with civilization. Sci World J 2013; 2013:423964.
3. Sorokin I, Mamoulakis C, Miyazawa K, et al. Epidemiology of stone disease across the world. World J Urol. 2017; 35(9):1301-20.
4. Golechha S, Solanki A. Bacteriology and chemical composition of renal calculi accompanying urinary tract infection. Indian J Urolog 2001; 17(2):111-7.
5. Bangash K, Shigri F, Jamal A, et al. Spectrum of renal stones composition; chemical analysis of renal stones. Int J Patholog 2011; 9(2):63-6
6. Alelign T, Petros B. Kidney stone disease: an update on current concepts. Adv Urol 2018; 2018:3068365.
7. Coe FL, Parks JH, Asplin JR. The pathogenesis and treatment of kidney stones. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:1141-52.
8. Lande MB, Varade W, Erkan E, et al. Role of urinary supersaturation in the evaluation of children with urolithiasis. PediatrNephrol 2005; 20(4):491-4.
9. Fatima A, Jan A, Akhter N, et al. Evaluation of microscopic screening methods for detection of urinary tract infection. Int J Cur Res Rev 2017; 9(6):44-9.
10. Sobel JD, Donald Kaye D. Urinary tract infections. Gerald. Mandell John E. Bennett Raphael Dolin Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principle and Practice of Infectious diseases 8th edition. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010.p.886-913.
11. Manges AR, Natarajan P, Solberg OD, et al. The changing prevalence of drug-resistant Escherichia coli clonal groups in a community: evidence for community outbreaks of urinary tract infections. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 134(2):425-31.
12. Rao S, Rao SS. Bacteriological profile of nephrolithiasis: A tertiary care centre experience. J Card Dis Res 2024; 15(9):916-20.
13. Rishi S, Nahvi N, Wani AR, et al. Microbiology and drug resistance pattern in clinically significant isolates of urine from medical wards of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Indian J Res 2022; 11(01):40-4.
14. Nazir A, Kanth F. Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of patients with urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital. J Res Appl Basic Med Sci 2024; 10(2): 110-20.
15. Ranjit S, Singh K. Bacteriological profile of urine in patients with different types of kid¬ney stones in a tertiary care hospital: a descriptive cross-sectional study. J Nepal Med Assoc 2020; 58(231):871-4.
IssueVol 13 No 3 (2025) QRcode
SectionOriginal Articles
Keywords
Antibiotic resistance Nephrolithiasis Uropathogens Urinary tract infection.
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Mir A, Yousuf S, Nazir A. Bacteriological Profile of Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Nephrolithiasis and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. J Med Bacteriol. 2025;13(3):60-66.