Nanoparticles Impact the Expression of the Genes Involved in Biofilm Formation in S. aureus, a Model Antimicrobial-Resistant Species
Abstract
Background: Infection with resistant bacteria are still reported in hospitals despite the routine cleaning of hospital surfaces. Presence of drug-resistant microbes in the on environment of hospitals and on medical equipment is indicative of the need for control measures which could impact the emergence of such microbes. In addition, biofilms are increasingly associated with human infections and it necessitates careful considerations on usage of a diverse range of medical devices, such as catheters, implants and pacemakers in hospitals.
Methods: This study was designed to compare the effect of silver, ZnO nanoparticles and curcumin on drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which were already isolated from different wards of the hospital. The MIC value were determined for silver, curcumin and ZnO nanoparticles. As the second step, the expression level of the genes involved in biofilm formation in S. aureus, including icaA, icaD, fnbA and fnbB, was studied to analyze the physiological reaction to controlled concentrations of such nanoparticles using RT-qPCR assessments.
Results: In this study, a total of 172 bacterial isolates were recovered from clinical and environmental samples (96 and 76 isolates, respectively). API-20 test revealed that these isolates belonged to 8 species. All antimicrobial resistant isolates were susceptible to the metal oxide nanoparticles. The results of q-PCR in this study showed that the expression of icaA and icaD genes in the presence of silver, curcumin and zinc nanoparticles were not significantly reduced compared to the control samples. But, exposure to nanoparticles reduced the expression of fnbA and fnbB genes from 0.46 to 0.06.
Conclusion: The results of our study showed that nanoparticles are highly effective on antibiotics- resistant isolates and these compounds can be used in the treatment of resistant bacteria. In addition, this study also demonstrates the promising potential of using nanoparticles as anti-biofilm formation agents.
Khan, H.A., A. Ahmad, and R. Mehboob, Nosocomial infections and their control strategies. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2015. 5(7): p. 509-514.
Poorabbas, B., et al., Nosocomial Infections: Multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative rods isolated from blood and other sterile body fluids in Iran. Iranian journal of microbiology, 2015. 7(3): p. 127.
Kalani, B.S., et al., Genotypic characterization, invasion index and antimicrobial resistance pattern in Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from clinical samples. Journal of Acute Disease, 2015. 4(2): p. 141-146.
McLean, R.J., J.S. Lam, and L.L. Graham, Training the biofilm generation—a tribute to JW Costerton. Journal of bacteriology, 2012. 194(24): p. 6706-6711.
Gbejuade, H.O., A.M. Lovering, and J.C. Webb, The role of microbial biofilms in prosthetic joint infections: a review. Acta orthopaedica, 2015. 86(2): p. 147-158.
Lewis, K., Multidrug tolerance of biofilms and persister cells, in Bacterial Biofilms. 2008, Springer. p. 107-131.
Anderson, G. and G. O'toole, Innate and induced resistance mechanisms of bacterial biofilms, in Bacterial Biofilms. 2008, Springer. p. 85-105.
Khodaei, F., et al., Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of Group B Streptococcus by Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis in Iran. Galen Medical Journal, 2018.
Behrooz, S.K., et al., Study of MazEF, sam, and phd-doc putative toxin–antitoxin systems in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica, 2018. 65(1): p. 81-91.
Otto, M., Staphylococcal biofilms, in Bacterial biofilms. 2008, Springer. p. 207-228.
Xie, Y., et al., Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Campylobacter jejuni. Applied and environmental microbiology, 2011. 77(7): p. 2325-2331.
Sirelkhatim, A., et al., Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano-Micro Letters, 2015. 7(3): p. 219-242.
Zhang, Y., et al., Antimicrobial activity of gold nanoparticles and ionic gold. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2015. 33(3): p. 286-327.
Kwakye‐Awuah, B., et al., Antimicrobial action and efficiency of silver‐loaded zeolite X. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2008. 104(5): p. 1516-1524.
Lu, C., M.J. Brauer, and D. Botstein, Slow growth induces heat-shock resistance in normal and respiratory-deficient yeast. Molecular biology of the cell, 2009. 20(3): p. 891-903.
Chattopadhyay, I., et al., Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications. CURRENT SCIENCE-BANGALORE-, 2004. 87: p. 44-53.
Li, M., M.O. Ngadi, and Y. Ma, Optimisation of pulsed ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction for curcuminoids by response surface methodology and kinetic study. Food chemistry, 2014. 165: p. 29-34.
Maheshwari, R.K., et al., Multiple biological activities of curcumin: a short review. Life sciences, 2006. 78(18): p. 2081-2087.
Bansal, S. and S. Chhibber, Curcumin alone and in combination with augmentin protects against pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury generated during Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced lung infection in BALB/c mice. Journal of medical microbiology, 2010. 59(4): p. 429-437.
Chainani-Wu, N., Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa). The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 2003. 9(1): p. 161-168.
Gupta, S.C., et al., Discovery of curcumin, a component of golden spice, and its miraculous biological activities. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2012. 39(3): p. 283-299.
Rai, D., et al., Curcumin inhibits FtsZ assembly: an attractive mechanism for its antibacterial activity. Biochemical Journal, 2008. 410(1): p. 147-155.
Rudrappa, T. and H.P. Bais, Curcumin, a known phenolic from Curcuma longa, attenuates the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in whole plant and animal pathogenicity models. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008. 56(6): p. 1955-1962.
Mathew, A.G., R. Cissell, and S. Liamthong, Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with food animals: a United States perspective of livestock production. Foodborne pathogens and disease, 2007. 4(2): p. 115-133.
Etzioni, A., Is transparency the best disinfectant? Journal of Political Philosophy, 2010. 18(4): p. 389-404.
Jones, N., et al., Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle suspensions on a broad spectrum of microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2008. 279(1): p. 71-6.
MR YOUSEFI, M.N., MR Samarghandi, M Shams, Evaluation of efficacy of the current disinfectants on staphylococcus epidermidis and pseudomonas aeroginosa isolated from hospitals of Hamadan in 2006. ZAHEDAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2007. 8(4): p. 287-297.
Culver, D.H., et al, Surgical wound infection rates by wound class, operative procedure, and patient risk index. The American journal of medicine 1991. 91(3): p. 152-157.
Bennett, J.E., Raphael Dolin, and Martin J. Blaser, Principles and practice of infectious diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.
Pena, C., et al, An outbreak of carbapenem‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a urology ward. Clinical microbiology and infection 2003. 9(9): p. 938-943.
Aygün, G., et al., Environmental contamination during a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit. Journal of Hospital Infection 2002. 59(4): p. 259-262.
Dettenkofer, M., and Colin Block, Hospital disinfection: efficacy and safety issues. Current opinion in infectious diseases 2005. 18(4): p. 320-325.
Raghupathi, K.R., Ranjit T. Koodali, and Adhar C. Manna, Size-dependent bacterial growth inhibition and mechanism of antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Langmuir 2011. 27(7): p. 4020-4028.
Li, W.-R., et al, Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2010. 85(4): p. 1115-1122.
ANSARI, E., KHOSRO ISSAZADEH, and HASANI ALIREZA SHOAE., A study to investigate antibacterial effect of Nanocurcumin against pre-clinical methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. 2014. 26-37.
Tan X, Q.N., Wu C, Sheng J, Yang R, Zheng B, Ma Z, Liu L, Peng X, Jia A. , Transcriptome analysis of the biofilm formed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. . Scientific reports, 2015 7(5): p. 11997.
S., K., MRSA and MSSA: The Mechanism of Methicillin Resistance and the Influence of Methicillin Resistance on Biofilm Phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus. InThe Rise of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus 2017: InTech.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7 No 3-4 (2018) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Antibiotic-resistant bacteria Expression level Nanoparticles Disinfectants | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
