A Comprehensive Review of Herbal Recommendations with the Potential to Inhibit COVID-19 Infection
-
Mansoor Khaledi
,
Fatemeh Sameni
,
Hossein Amini-Khoei
,
Mehran Bakhtiari
,
Najmeh Sedighimehr
,
Javad Fathi
,
Maede Ghiyasvand
,
Zahra Mottaghiyan
,
Saina Najafi
,
Pouneh Mohammadpour
,
Zahra Shirzazd
,
Azam Haghighatfard
,
Majid Validi
Abstract
Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has originated from Wuhan, China and rapidly spread all over the world. This disease is caused by a coronavirus termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly infects the human respiratory tract. Herbal agents including Atractylodes lancea, Ephedra, Curcumin, and Echinacea purpurea had immunomodulatory effects and antiviral activities on other respiratory viruses including Influenza virus. They strengthen the innate immunity through increasing the phagocytic activity and anti-inflammatory activity. These herbs could be used as a complementary therapy to prevent entry of COVID-19 and improve immune system. This review delves into the role and therapeutic compounds of various herbal agents in relation to immunity, their effectiveness in treating other viral respiratory illnesses, and their potential influence on COVID-19 disease.
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4. Delfan B, Kazemeini H, Bahmani M. Identifying effective medicinal plants for cold in Lorestan province, West of Iran. eCAM 2015; 20(3):173-9.
5. Sedighimehr N, Fathi J, Hadi N, et al. Rehabilitation, a necessity in hospitalized and discharged people infected with COVID-19: a narrative review. Phys Ther Rev 2021; 26(3):202-10.
6. Khaledi M, Sameni F, Yahyazade S, et al. COVID-19 and the potential of Janus family kinase (JAK) pathway inhibition: A novel treatment strategy. Front med 2022; 9:961027.
7. Das K. Herbal plants as immunity modulators against COVID-19: A primary preventive measure during home quarantine. J Herb Med 2022; 32: 100501.
8. Branson B, Tavakoli R, Khaledi M, et al. The correlations between epidemiological and clinical characteristics, laboratory tests and ct scan reports in the diagnosis of cases 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. A diagnostic accuracy study. Acta Medica Iranica 2021; 10:578-86.
9. Sameni F, Khosravi-Dehaghi N, Hajikhani B, et al. Diagnostic testing for coronavirus disease 2019: A Narrative Review. Int J Enteric Pathog 2021; 9(4):145-52.
10. Sameni F, Shahrjerdi S, Khorram A, et al. COVID-19 and diabetes: a narrative review. Int. J Enteric Pathog 2021; 9(2):70-7.
11. Roshni J, Vaishali R, Ganesh K, et al. Multi-target potential of Indian phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2: A docking, molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA approach extended to Omicron B. 1.1. 529. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15(6):662-9.
12. Prakash P, Gupta N. Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: a short review. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 49(2):125.
13. Shree P, Mishra P, Selvaraj C, et al. Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi)–a molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40(1):190-203.
14. Mukherjee PK., Nema NK., Bhadra S, et al. Immunomodulatory leads from medicinal plants. Indian J Traditional Knowledge 2004; 13(2):235–256.
15. Mondal S, Varma S, Bamola VD, et al. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial for immunomodulatory effects of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaf extract on healthy volunteers. J. Ethnopharmacol 2011; 136(3):452-6.
16. Yamada AN, Grespan R, Yamada ÁT, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of Ocimum americanum L. essential oil in experimental model of zymosan-induced arthritis. Am J Chin Med 2013; 41(04):913-26.
17. Jadhav P, Lal H, Kshirsagar N. Assessment of potency of PC-complexed Ocimum sanctum methanol extract in embryonated eggs against Influenza virus (H1N1). Pharmacogn Mag 2014;10(Suppl 1):S86.
18. Rehman H, Yasin KA, Choudhary MA, et al. Studies on the chemical constituents of Phyllanthus emblica. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21(9):775-81.
19. Liu X, Cui C, Zhao M, et al. Identification of phenolics in the fruit of emblica (Phyllanthus emblica L.) and their antioxidant activities. Food chem 2008; 109(4):909-15.
20. Aucoin M, Cooley K, Saunders PR, et al. The effect of Echinacea spp. on the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other respiratory tract infections in humans: A rapid review. Adv Integr Med 2020; 7(4):203-17.
21. Coperchini F, Chiovato L, Croce L, et al. The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 53:25-32.
22. Percival SS. Use of Echinacea in medicine. Biochem pharmacol 2000; 60(2):155-8.
23. Freier DO, Wright K, Klein K, et al. Enhancement of the humoral immune response by Echinacea purpurea in female Swiss mice. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol 2003; 25(4):551-60.
24. Vimalanathan S, Schoop R, Suter A, et al. Prevention of influenza virus induced bacterial superinfection by standardized Echinacea purpurea, via regulation of surface receptor expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Virus res 2017; 233:51-9.
25. Fusco D, Liu X, Savage C, et al. Echinacea purpurea aerial extract alters course of influenza infection in mice. Vaccine 2010; 28(23):3956-62.
26. Akhzari M, Shabani-Borujeni M, Tavakoli R, et al. Zingiber officinale (Ginger) properties in clinical trials; a brief review. Plant Biotechnol Persa 2022;4(2):89-102.
27. Bachmeier BE, Killian PH, Melchart D. The role of curcumin in prevention and management of metastatic disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19(6):1716.
28. Sharma RK, Cwiklinski K, Aalinkeel R, et al. Immunomodulatory activities of curcumin-stabilized silver nanoparticles: Efficacy as an antiretroviral therapeutic. Immunol invest 2017; 46(8):833-46.
29. Ou JL, Mizushina Y, Wang SY, et al. Structure–activity relationship analysis of curcumin analogues on anti‐influenza virus activity. FEBS J 2013; 280(22):5829-40.
30. Thimmulappa RK, Mudnakudu-Nagaraju KK, Shivamallu C, et al. Antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of curcumin: A case for prophylactic therapy for COVID-19. Heliyon 2021; 7(2):e06350.
31. Lelli D, Sahebkar A, Johnston TP, et al. Curcumin use in pulmonary diseases: State of the art and future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2017; 115:133-48.
32. Auyeung KK, Han Q-B, Ko JK. Astragalus membranaceus: a review of its protection against inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. Am J Chinese Med 2016; 44(01):1-22.
33. Yeh YC, Doan LH, Huang Z-Y, et al. Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) suppress SARS-CoV-2 entry and COVID-19 related cytokine storm in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:765553.
34. Sharma D, Namdeo P, Singh P. Phytochemistry & pharmacological studies of glycyrrhiza glabra: A medicinal plant review. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2021; 67(1):187-94.
35. Chakravarthi KK, Avadhani R, Narayan RS. Effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract on learning and memory in wistar albino rats. Drug Invent Today 2012; 4(7):387-90.
36. Dhingra D, Sharma A. Antidepressant-like activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in mouse models of immobility tests. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006; 30(3):449-54.
37. Nourazarian SM, Nourazarian A, Majidinia M, et al. Effect of root extracts of medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza glabra on HSP90 gene expression and apoptosis in the HT-29 colon cancer cell line. APJCP 2016; 16(18):8563-6.
38. Abraham J, Florentine S. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extracts-suitable pharmacological interventions for COVID-19? A review. Plants 2021; 10(12):2600.
39. Fan B, Zhu H. Improvement of emodin for lipid metabolism disorder in hyperlipidemia hamster. Chin Med 2014; 11:4-8.
40. Liu S, Sporer F, Wink M, et al. Anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum and Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) with molluscicidal activity against the schistosome vector snails Oncomelania, Biomphalaria, and Bulinus. Trop. Med Int Health 1997; 2(2):179-88.
41. Yim H, Lee YH, Lee CH, et al. Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative isolated from the rhizomes of Rheum palmatum, selectively inhibits the activity of casein kinase II as a competitive inhibitor. Planta med 1999; 65(01):9-13.
42. Bourlière F. Tutin TG, Heywood VH, et al. Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge, The University Press, 1964. Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie). 1965;19(1):196.
43. Kimoto T. Cytotoxic effects of substances in indigo plant (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) on malignant tumor cells. Nat Med 1999; 53:72-9.
44. Akalin E, Ekici M, Alan Z, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine practices used in COVID-19 (Sars-cov 2/Coronavirus-19) treatment in clinic and their effects on the cardiovascular system. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2020;48(4):410-24.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 5-6 (2023) | |
| Section | Review Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v11i5-6.14362 | |
| Keywords | ||
| COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Herbal medicine, Traditional medicine | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Khaledi M, Sameni F, Amini-Khoei H, Bakhtiari M, Sedighimehr N, Fathi J, Ghiyasvand M, Mottaghiyan Z, Najafi S, Mohammadpour P, Shirzazd Z, Haghighatfard A, Validi M. A Comprehensive Review of Herbal Recommendations with the Potential to Inhibit COVID-19 Infection. J Med Bacteriol. 2023;11(5-6):49-69.
