Background:      Infectious and non-infectious abortions are necessary to be evaluated in Saanen and Alpine breeds as they have been recently imported to Iran whith out enough information about their susceptibility to diseases in the country situation. The present study aimed to investigate the causes of abortion in Saanen and Alpine to compare their susceptibility to each identified abortion factor.

Methods:      A total of 600 Saanen and 600 Alpine breeds were studied. Abomasal contents of foeti and serum samples from aborted does were analyzed by PCR and conventional culture methods and beta-hydroxy butyrate was measured in the serum of aborted animals.

Results:      Among 1200 pregnant goats, 59 Saanens and 80 Alpines aborted their fetus. Escherichia coli was isolated from 4 Saanens and 3 Alpines. Trueperella pyogenes was isolated from 5 Saanens and 7 Alpines. Pregnancy toxemia was the cause of abortion in 12 Saanens and 30 Alpines which showed a significant difference between the two breeds. Six Saanens and 10 Alpines aborted their fetus following trauma.

Conclusion:      As abortion is an economically important issue, especially for the breeds which we have less information about, the susceptibility of animals and the frequency of each abortifacient should be evaluated.

Background:       Urinary tract infection (UTI) is One of the most prevalent infectious diseases in human, where the study aimed to identify the most uropathogen that caused UTIs ,and its the antimicrobial resistance pattern.

Methods:       the samples were collected from January and December 2021 using a standard data collection form, where  the patient outcome records were mined for information on the patients' gender, age, isolated organisms, and susceptibility test results, then statistical analysis was done.

Results:   266 from 463 samples  were identified as S. aureus 14.3% , in addition, the antibacterial resistance rats showed that the highest resistance was against ampicillin/Sulbactam, ceftazidine, and meropenem 79%, while, the lowest was against ciprofloxacin 40%.

Conclusion:     The study showed that S. aureus is the primary cause of UTIs in Derna city, as a result of consuming antibiotics randomly, which resulted in an increase in spread and resistance of S. aureus.

Background:      Pyelonephritis in children is a serious condition that is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Urinary tract abnormalities increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and consequently antibiotic resistance. Our study aimed to evaluate the local trend in terms of bacterial uropathogen resistance in Babol, Iran, in children with pyelonephritis considering urinary tract abnormalities.

Methods:      We recruited pediatric cases aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to Amirkola hospital with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis from 2016 to 2019. Children with negative urine cultures or incomplete imaging were excluded from the study. Causative agents were identified based on biochemical features. Antimicrobial in vitro resistance tests were performed using the disk diffusion agar test.

Results:      A total of 105 children were included in the study. E. coli was the most common causative agent found in 93 (88.6%) patients. Most of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to amikacin and imipenem, and only 12.4% and 13.3% of isolates were resistant to this antibiotic. On the other hand, nalidixic acid represented the least effective treatment, with a resistance rate of 88.6%. A statistically significant difference was observed in resistance to nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid between children with and without anomalies (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:      High antibiotic resistance, especially in children with urinary tract anomalies, was identified for frequently used antibiotics. Our findings provide important implications regarding local patterns of uropathogens and antibiotic resistance in children with pyelonephritis.

Background:       Beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) are responsible for both invasive and noninvasive infections, and the preferred treatment for these infections is penicillin due to the distinctive characteristics of these bacteria. However, in patients who cannot tolerate β-lactam antibiotics, macrolides and clindamycin are important alternative options for treating BHS infections. This study aimed to analyse the pattern of macrolide resistance among clinical strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS).

Methods:      Beta hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens during December 2018 to May 2020 were included in this study. Identification of the isolates were done by conventional and Vitek 2 method. All isolates were subjected to serogrouping. Antibiotic susceptibility testing done by disc diffusion method. Genes encoding macrolide resistance were detected by conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Results:      A total of 129 beta hemolytic streptococcal isolates were obtained which included 27 S. pyogenes (20.9%), 77 S.agalactiae (59.7%), 23  S.dysgalactiae spp equisimilis (17.8%) and one isolate of S.anginosus and  S. porcinus each (0.8%). Erythromycin, clindamycin, quinuprisitn and tetracycline resistance were found to be 20.2%, 12.1%, 16.3% and 51.2% respectively. Among the 26 erythromycin resistant isolates, 12(46.2%) were inducible clindamycin resistant phenotype.  Out of 26 erythromycin resistant isolates, 7(26.9%) isolates were harbouring erm(A) gene, 10(38.5%) erm(B) and 9(34.6%) mef(A) gene.

Conclusion:      Our study highlights the importance of routine antibiotic susceptibility testing for beta-haemolytic streptococci, as well as the detection of inducible resistance to prevent therapeutic failure.

Cancer is now one of the major causes of death across the globe. Peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), has recently emerged as a critical factor in various cancers. Numerous studies have shown that PIN1 is highly expressed in several cancer types and is significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with a certain type of tumor such as gastric cancer. Meanwhile, some studies have indicated that infection with Helicobacter pylori significantly increases the risk of developing duodenal and gastric ulcer disease and gastric cancer. In this article, we propose that PIN1 can play a vital role in the prognosis of Helicobacter pylori infection-associated with peptic ulcer disease and can be effective in order to provide the best cure and the choice for treatment.